Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; email:
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 2021 Jun 20;90:245-285. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-082520-125411. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Protein lysine acetylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. Targeting lysine acetylation regulatory factors, such as acetyltransferases, deacetylases, and acetyl-lysine recognition domains, has been shown to have potential for treating human diseases, including cancer and neurological diseases. Over the past decade, many other acyl-lysine modifications, such as succinylation, crotonylation, and long-chain fatty acylation, have also been investigated and shown to have interesting biological functions. Here, we provide an overview of the functions of different acyl-lysine modifications in mammals. We focus on lysine acetylation as it is well characterized, and principles learned from acetylation are useful for understanding the functions of other lysine acylations. We pay special attention to the sirtuins, given that the study of sirtuins has provided a great deal of information about the functions of lysine acylation. We emphasize the regulation of sirtuins to illustrate that their regulation enables cells to respond to various signals and stresses.
蛋白质赖氨酸乙酰化是一种重要的翻译后修饰，调节着众多的生物学过程。靶向赖氨酸乙酰化调节因子，如乙酰转移酶、去乙酰化酶和乙酰-赖氨酸识别结构域，已被证明具有治疗人类疾病的潜力，包括癌症和神经退行性疾病。在过去的十年中，许多其他的酰化赖氨酸修饰，如琥珀酰化、巴豆酰化和长链脂肪酸酰化，也得到了研究，并显示出有趣的生物学功能。在这里，我们概述了不同酰化赖氨酸修饰在哺乳动物中的功能。我们重点关注赖氨酸乙酰化，因为它的特征已经得到很好的描述，并且从乙酰化中获得的原理对于理解其他赖氨酸酰化的功能是有用的。我们特别关注 sirtuins，因为对 sirtuins 的研究提供了大量关于赖氨酸酰化功能的信息。我们强调了 sirtuins 的调节，以说明它们的调节使细胞能够对各种信号和应激作出反应。
