Infantino Nicole A, McCormack William P, Almstedt Hawley C
Department of Biology, 1 LMU Drive, MS 8888, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA.
Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Sciences, 1 LMU Drive, MS 8888, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA.
Bone Rep. 2021 Mar 23;14:101056. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101056. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Modification of bone is continuous throughout life and influenced by many factors, including physical activity. This study investigated changes in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and hip structure among male and female collegiate distance runners and non-athlete controls over 12 months. Using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and hip structure analysis (HSA) software, aBMD at the posterior-anterior (PA) and lateral spine, femoral neck, total hip (TH), whole body (WB), and bone geometry at the narrow neck (NN) of the femur was measured three times over 12 months. HSA included cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and Z-section modulus (Z). Male runners had significantly higher aBMD at TH and WB and greater CSA, CSMI, and Z than male controls at the end of 12 months. Female controls had higher aBMD at the PA spine than female runners at the end of 12 months. Male runners had significant increases in aBMD at the PA ( = 0.003) and lateral spine ( = 0.002), and TH ( = 0.002), female runners had significant decreases in aBMD at TH ( = 0.015) and WB (p = 0.002), male controls had significant increases in aBMD at the PA spine ( < 0.001) and WB (p < 0.001), and female controls had significant decreases in aBMD at lateral spine and TH ( = 0.008) over the year. When applying covariates of bone-free lean mass and vitamin D, male distance runners demonstrated significant improvement in CSA (3.602 ± 0.139 vs. 3.675 ± 0.122 cm, = 0.05), CSMI (3.324 ± 0.200 to 3.467 ± 0.212 cm, < 0.05), and Z (1.81 ± 0.08 to 1.87 ± 0.08 cm, p = 0.05) during the study. No other changes in hip structure occurred over the year. Distance running may be beneficial to aBMD and hip structure in college-age males but not females. Further research is needed on potential influences of weight-bearing activity, energy availability, and hormonal status on aBMD and hip structure in males and females.
骨骼的改变在一生中持续存在，并受包括身体活动在内的多种因素影响。本研究调查了男女大学生长跑运动员和非运动员对照组在12个月内的骨面积密度（aBMD）和髋部结构变化。使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）和髋部结构分析（HSA）软件，在12个月内对后前位（PA）和侧位脊柱、股骨颈、全髋（TH）、全身（WB）的aBMD以及股骨窄颈（NN）处的骨骼几何形态进行了三次测量。HSA包括横截面积（CSA）、截面惯性矩（CSMI）和Z截面模量（Z）。在12个月末，男性跑步者的TH和WB处的aBMD显著高于男性对照组，CSA、CSMI和Z也更大。在12个月末，女性对照组PA脊柱处的aBMD高于女性跑步者。男性跑步者PA（p = 0.003）和侧位脊柱（p = 0.002）以及TH（p = 0.002）处的aBMD显著增加，女性跑步者TH（p = 0.015）和WB（p = 0.002）处的aBMD显著降低，男性对照组PA脊柱（p < 0.001）和WB（p < 0.001）处的aBMD显著增加，女性对照组侧位脊柱和TH处的aBMD显著降低（p = 0.008）。在应用无骨瘦体重和维生素D的协变量时，男性长跑运动员在研究期间CSA（3.602 ± 0.139 vs. 3.675 ± 0.122 cm，p = 0.05）、CSMI（3.324 ± 0.200至3.467 ± 0.212 cm，p < 0.05）和Z（1.81 ± 0.08至1.87 ± 0.
