Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2021 Apr 13;23(6):33. doi: 10.1007/s11920-021-01245-9.
This paper reviews the evolving body of research on the mental health of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. Minority stress experiences in families, schools, and the community impact the health and well-being of this population due to experiences of stigma, discrimination, and rejection. Poor healthcare access and outcomes may be compounded in youth with intersectional identities.
There is increasing evidence that gender-affirming interventions improve mental health outcomes for TGD youth. TGD youth report worse mental health outcomes in invalidating school and family environments and improved outcomes in affirming climates. TGD youth experience significant healthcare disparities, and intersectional clinical approaches are needed to increase access to affirmative care. Providers can best support TGD youth by considering ways they can affirm these youth in their healthcare settings, and helping them access support in schools, family systems, and communities. Understanding the intersection of multiple minority identities can help providers address potential barriers to care to mitigate the health disparities seen in this population.
本文回顾了关于跨性别和性别多样化（TGD）青年心理健康的研究进展。家庭、学校和社区中的少数群体压力经历会导致污名化、歧视和排斥，从而影响这一人群的健康和幸福。在具有交叉身份的年轻人中，医疗保健的获取和结果可能会更差。
越来越多的证据表明，性别肯定干预措施可改善 TGD 青年的心理健康结果。TGD 青年报告说，在否定的学校和家庭环境中，他们的心理健康结果更差，而在肯定的环境中，他们的心理健康结果则有所改善。TGD 青年存在显著的医疗保健差距，需要采用交叉临床方法来增加获得肯定护理的机会。提供者可以通过考虑在医疗环境中如何肯定这些青年，并帮助他们在学校、家庭系统和社区中获得支持，从而最好地支持 TGD 青年。了解多种少数群体身份的交叉性可以帮助提供者解决潜在的护理障碍，以减轻该人群中存在的健康差距。
