Sharik Association For Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2021 Apr 14;7(4):e25438. doi: 10.2196/25438.
The relationship between physical activity and mental health, especially the symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), has received increasing attention in recent years.
The aim of this study was to explore the association between fulfilling the World Health Organization (WHO) global recommendations on physical activity and the risk and symptoms of MDD and GAD in the Saudi population.
This study was a secondary analysis of data from a large nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June and July 2020. In this study, a proportional quota sampling technique was used to obtain an equal distribution of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. The main mental health screening tool used for the risk of MDD was the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Risk of GAD was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Participants self-reported whether they fulfill the WHO global recommendations on (1) moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (MIPA) and (2) vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (VIPA). The results were then analyzed based on the following two categories: fulfilling the WHO global recommendations or not.
The data analysis included 8333 participants recruited in the main study between June and July 2020. The response rate was 81.45% (8333/10,231). Of them, 50.3% (4192/8333) were female, and the mean age was 36.5 years, with a median age of 36 years and a range from 18 to 90 years. The average total PHQ-9 score was 5.61, and the average total GAD-7 score was 4.18. For men, the average total PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were associated with fulfilling recommendations for MIPA; however, there were no associations for VIPA in both sexes. Fulfilling the WHO's recommendations for MIPA was associated with considerably fewer depressive symptoms in six of the nine items in the PHQ-9. Moreover, fulfilling recommendations for MIPA was associated with considerably fewer anxiety symptoms in six of the seven items in the GAD-7. However, fulfilling recommendations for VIPA was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms in one of the PHQ-9 items ("Thoughts that you would be better off dead or thoughts of hurting yourself in some way;" P<.001).
This study has shown that fulfilling guidelines on MIPA is associated with less overall risk of MDD and GAD in males and fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms generally in a nonclinical population. In the general population, an increase in MIPA may improve well-being and general mental health.
近年来，身体活动与心理健康之间的关系，尤其是与重度抑郁症（MDD）和广泛性焦虑症（GAD）的症状之间的关系，受到了越来越多的关注。
本研究旨在探讨在沙特人群中，满足世界卫生组织（WHO）身体活动全球建议与 MDD 和 GAD 风险和症状之间的关系。
本研究是对 2020 年 6 月至 7 月通过电话访谈进行的一项大型全国性横断面调查数据的二次分析。在这项研究中，使用比例配额抽样技术，在沙特阿拉伯 13 个地区按年龄和性别等比例分配参与者。用于 MDD 风险的主要心理健康筛查工具是患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）。GAD 的风险使用广泛性焦虑症-7（GAD-7）量表进行测量。参与者自我报告是否满足 WHO 全球关于（1）中等强度有氧运动（MIPA）和（2）剧烈强度有氧运动（VIPA）的建议。然后根据以下两个类别进行分析：满足或不满足 WHO 全球建议。
数据分析包括 2020 年 6 月至 7 月间主要研究中招募的 8333 名参与者。回应率为 81.45%（8333/10231）。其中，50.3%（4192/8333）为女性，平均年龄为 36.5 岁，中位数年龄为 36 岁，范围为 18 至 90 岁。平均总 PHQ-9 得分为 5.61，平均总 GAD-7 得分为 4.18。对于男性，MIPA 建议的遵守与九个 PHQ-9 项目中的六个项目的平均总 PHQ-9 和 GAD-7 得分相关；然而，在两性中，VIPA 均无关联。满足 WHO 对 MIPA 的建议与 PHQ-9 九个项目中的六个项目中的抑郁症状显著减少相关。此外，满足 MIPA 的建议与 GAD-7 的七个项目中的六个项目中的焦虑症状显著减少相关。然而，满足 VIPA 的建议与 PHQ-9 中的一个项目中的更多抑郁症状显著相关（“你最好死了或想用某种方式伤害自己的想法；”P<.001）。
本研究表明，在非临床人群中，满足 MIPA 指南与男性中 MDD 和 GAD 的总体风险降低以及总体抑郁和焦虑症状减少相关。在普通人群中，增加 MIPA 可能会改善幸福感和整体心理健康。
