Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 31;14(1):17688. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68346-2.
This study sought to determine whether there was any correlation between the dietary diversity score and symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in Nepali women who were of reproductive age. In a national cross-sectional population-based survey of women (15-49 years) (N = 7442) in Nepal, MDD was assessed with the PHQ-9 and GAD with the GAD-7, and dietary diversity with a 24 h food consumption recall of 10 food groups. Multinominal and logistic regression were used to estimate predictors of MDD and GAD symptoms. The prevalence of mild and moderate-to-severe MDD symptoms was 15.7% and 5.4%, respectively, and the prevalence of mild and moderate-to-severe GAD symptoms was 20.8% and 7.5%, respectively. The overall dietary diversity mean score was 4.66 (SD = 1.67). In the final multivariable model, adjusted for relevant confounders, dietary diversity was inversely associated with moderate-to-severe MDD symptoms (Adjusted Incidence Risk Ratios-AIRR: 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.97), and with moderate-to-severe GAD symptoms (AIRR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.92). Furthermore, in the fully adjusted regression model, pulses (Adjusted Odds Ratio-AOR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.98) and Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (AOR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.94) were inversely associated with MDD symptoms. In addition, Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.75), dairy (AOR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.97), and pulses (AOR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.85) were inversely associated with GAD symptoms. Dietary diversity was inversely associated MDD and GAD symptoms.
本研究旨在探讨尼泊尔育龄女性的饮食多样性评分与重度抑郁症（MDD）和广泛性焦虑症（GAD）症状之间是否存在相关性。在尼泊尔一项全国性的基于人群的横断面女性调查（15-49 岁）（N=7442）中，采用 PHQ-9 评估 MDD，采用 GAD-7 评估 GAD，采用 10 种食物组的 24 小时食物消费回顾评估饮食多样性。采用多类别和逻辑回归估计 MDD 和 GAD 症状的预测因素。轻度和中重度 MDD 症状的患病率分别为 15.7%和 5.4%，轻度和中重度 GAD 症状的患病率分别为 20.8%和 7.5%。总体饮食多样性平均得分为 4.66（SD=1.67）。在最终的多变量模型中，调整了相关混杂因素后，饮食多样性与中重度 MDD 症状呈负相关（调整后的发病率风险比-AIRR：0.90，95%CI 0.84-0.97），与中重度 GAD 症状呈负相关（AIRR：0.86，95%CI 0.80-0.92）。此外，在完全调整的回归模型中，豆类（调整后的优势比-AOR：0.77，95%CI 0.60-0.98）和富含维生素 A 的水果和蔬菜（AOR：0.69，95%CI 0.51-0.94）与 MDD 症状呈负相关。此外，富含维生素 A 的水果和蔬菜（AOR：0.57，95%CI 0.43-0.75）、乳制品（AOR：0.80，95%CI 0.67-0.97）和豆类（AOR：0.69，95%CI 0.56-0.85）与 GAD 症状呈负相关。饮食多样性与 MDD 和 GAD 症状呈负相关。
