Klila Hedi, Giuliani Fabienne
Psychiatres et psychothérapeutes, Rue du Midi 4, 1003 Lausanne.
Service des troubles du spectre autistique, Psychiatrie du développement mental, Hôpital de Cery, 1008 Prilly.
Rev Med Suisse. 2021 Apr 14;17(734):751-753.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associating persistent communication and social interaction deficits with behaviors, interests or activities of a restricted and repetitive nature. The etiology of ASD is not yet fully understood but appears to be multifactorial, including both genetic and environmental factors. The concept of autism underwent a major evolution before arriving at the current definition in DSM-5. The diagnosis has two parts: a categorical from cut-off and differential diagnosis established from a specification of the category by dimensional variables (intelligence, language, associated diseases, adaptation). These two parts (categorical diagnosis and specifiers) are complementary but pose a certain number of practical problems in establishing the diagnosis in adulthood.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍，其特征是持续性的沟通和社交互动缺陷，以及具有局限和重复性质的行为、兴趣或活动。ASD的病因尚未完全明确，但似乎是多因素的，包括遗传和环境因素。在得出《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM-5）中的当前定义之前，自闭症的概念经历了重大演变。该诊断有两个部分：一个是通过维度变量（智力、语言、相关疾病、适应性）对类别进行界定从而确定的分类诊断和鉴别诊断。这两个部分（分类诊断和说明符）相互补充，但在成人诊断过程中会带来一些实际问题。
