Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
Small. 2021 Jun;17(23):e2007727. doi: 10.1002/smll.202007727. Epub 2021 Apr 14.
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), in which an insufficient oxygen supply followed by reperfusion leads to an inflammatory network and oxidative stress in disease tissue to cause cell death, always occurs after liver transplantations and sections. Although pharmacological treatments favorably prevent or protect the liver against experimental IRI, there have been few successes in clinical applications for patient benefits because of the incomprehension of complicated IRI-induced signaling events as well as short blood circulation time, poor solubility, and severe side reactions of most antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs. Nanomaterials can achieve targeted delivery and controllable release of contrast agents and therapeutic drugs in desired hepatic IRI regions for enhanced imaging sensitivity and improved therapeutic effects, emerging as novel alternative approaches for hepatic IRI diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology is summarized in the management of hepatic IRI, including nanomaterial-assisted hepatic IRI diagnosis, nanoparticulate systems-mediated remission of reactive oxygen species-induced tissue injury, and nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery systems for the alleviation of IRI-related inflammation. The current challenges and future perspectives of these nanoenabled strategies for hepatic IRI treatment are also discussed.
肝缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）是指组织器官在缺血缺氧一段时间后恢复血液供应，随之产生的炎症反应网络和氧化应激，从而导致细胞死亡。肝移植和肝部分切除术后常发生肝 IRI。尽管药物治疗可有效地预防或保护肝脏免受实验性 IRI，但由于对复杂的IRI 诱导信号事件的认识不足，以及大多数抗氧化剂和抗炎药物的血液循环时间短、溶解度差、严重的副作用，其在临床应用中对患者获益的效果甚微。纳米材料可以在所需的肝 IRI 区域实现造影剂和治疗药物的靶向递送和可控释放，从而提高成像灵敏度和改善治疗效果，为肝 IRI 的诊断和治疗提供了新的选择。本综述总结了纳米技术在肝 IRI 管理中的应用，包括纳米材料辅助肝 IRI 诊断、纳米颗粒系统介导的缓解活性氧诱导的组织损伤、以及基于纳米颗粒的靶向药物递送系统缓解与 IRI 相关的炎症。还讨论了这些用于肝 IRI 治疗的纳米技术策略的当前挑战和未来展望。
