Research Scholar, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Jul 15;275:114115. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114115. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Elaeagnus conferta Roxb. (Elaeagnaceae) is a subtropical shrub mainly native to India, Vietnam, Malaysia and South China, whose various parts are used for treatment of diabetes, gastric ulcers, pain, oxidative stress and pulmonary disorders. Though the other parts of the plant have been reported for their ethnic use i.e. fruits as astringent locally and for cancer systemically, leaves for body pain and flowers for pain in chest and the seeds are mentioned as edible, there is no report per se on the medicinal use of seeds. Based on the fact that seeds of closely resembling species i.e. Elaeagnus rhamnoides has demonstrated significant anti-gastroulcerative property, the probability of the seeds of E. conferta possessing similar activity seemed quite significant.
Phytochemical investigation and assessment of pharmacological mechanism(s) involved in anti-ulcer effect of methanolic extract of the seeds of E. conferta.
Bioactive phytoconstituents were isolated by column chromatography. These were identified by spectroscopic techniques including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. Methanolic extract (MEC) of the seeds was prepared by cold maceration and its anti-ulcerogenic potential was evaluated using indomethacin (50 mg/kg) and water immersion stress models in male rats. The animals were pre-treated with different doses of MEC (400 and 800 mg/kg) and the therapeutic effect was compared with standard drug i.e. ranitidine (RANT; 50 mg/kg). The ameliorative effects of MEC were investigated on gastric juice pH, total acidity, free acidity and ulcer index. The assays of malionaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and pro-inflammatory cytokines i.e. interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were carried out to find out the possible mechanism(s) of protection. Further, histopathological changes were also studied.
Chromatography studies and further confirmation by spectroscopic techniques revealed the presence of four different compounds in MEC i.e oleic acid (1), stearic acid (2), ascorbic acid (3) and quercetin (4). MEC exhibited anti-ulcerogenic effect in dose dependent manner which may be attributed to suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and MDA (112.7%), and up-regulation of protective factors such as CAT (90.48%), SOD (92.77%) and GSH (90.01%). Ulcer inhibition, reduction in total and free acidity and increase in gastric juice pH were observed in MEC treated rats as compared to disease control animals. Histopathological findings confirmed decreased cell infiltration, less epithelial cell damage and regeneration of gastric mucosa in dose dependent manner.
The anti-ulcer effect of MEC may be attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals and anti-inflammatory property via suppression of TNF-α and IL-6, thus offers a complete and holistic approach for management of peptic ulcer.
胡颓子属（胡颓子科）的沙枣是一种亚热带灌木，主要原产于印度、越南、马来西亚和华南地区，其各个部分被用于治疗糖尿病、胃溃疡、疼痛、氧化应激和肺部疾病。尽管该植物的其他部分也被报道具有民族用途，即果实具有局部收敛作用，可治疗癌症，叶片可治疗全身疼痛，花朵可治疗胸痛，种子可食用，但目前尚无关于种子药用的报道。鉴于类似种黑果枸杞的种子具有显著的抗胃溃作用，沙枣种子具有类似活性的可能性似乎相当大。
研究沙枣种子甲醇提取物的抗溃疡作用涉及的植物化学物质和药理机制。
采用柱层析法分离生物活性植物化学物质。通过红外（IR）光谱、核磁共振（NMR）和质谱等光谱技术对其进行鉴定。采用冷浸法制备沙枣种子的甲醇提取物（MEC），并采用吲哚美辛（50mg/kg）和水浸应激模型在雄性大鼠中评价其抗溃疡作用。动物用不同剂量的 MEC（400 和 800mg/kg）预处理，并将治疗效果与标准药物雷尼替丁（RANT；50mg/kg）进行比较。研究 MEC 对胃液 pH 值、总酸度、游离酸度和溃疡指数的改善作用。检测丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的变化，以找出可能的保护机制。此外，还进行了组织病理学变化研究。
通过色谱分析和光谱技术进一步确认，MEC 中含有四种不同的化合物，分别为油酸（1）、硬脂酸（2）、抗坏血酸（3）和槲皮素（4）。MEC 呈剂量依赖性的抗溃疡作用，这可能归因于其对促炎细胞因子（IL-6、TNF-α）和 MDA（112.7%）的抑制作用，以及对保护性因子 CAT（90.48%）、SOD（92.77%）和 GSH（90.01%）的上调作用。与疾病对照组动物相比，MEC 治疗的大鼠的溃疡抑制、总酸度和游离酸度降低以及胃液 pH 值升高。组织病理学检查证实，MEC 可剂量依赖性地减少细胞浸润、减轻上皮细胞损伤和胃黏膜再生。
MEC 的抗溃疡作用可能归因于其清除自由基和抗炎特性，通过抑制 TNF-α和 IL-6，为消化性溃疡的治疗提供了一种完整和全面的方法。
