Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Mar 14;13:61. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-61.
Gracilaria changii (Xia et Abbott) Abbott, Zhang et Xia, a red algae commonly found in the coastal areas of Malaysia is traditionally used for foods and for the treatment of various ailments including inflammation and gastric ailments. The aim of the study was to investigate anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of a mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracilaria changii.
Methanolic extract of Gracilaria changii (MeOHGCM6 extract) was prepared and standardized using mass spectrometry (MS). Anti-inflammatory activities of MeOHGCM6 extract were examined by treating U937 cells during its differentiation with 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract. Tumour necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) response level and TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression were monitored and compared to that treated by 10 nM betamethasone, an anti-inflammatory drug. Gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic activities of MeOHGCM6 extract were examined by feeding rats with MeOHGCM6 extract ranging from 2.5 to 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) following induction of gastric lesions. Production of mucus and gastric juice, pH of the gastric juice and non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) levels were determined and compared to that fed by 20 mg/kg b.w. omeprazole (OMP), a known anti-ulcer drug.
MS/MS analysis of the MeOHGCM6 extracts revealed the presence of methyl 10-hydroxyphaeophorbide a and 10-hydroxypheophytin a, known chlorophyll proteins and several unidentified molecules. Treatment with 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract during differentiation of U937 cells significantly inhibited TNF-α response level and TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression. The inhibitory effect was comparable to that of betamethasone. No cytotoxic effects were recorded for cells treated with the 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 extract. Rats fed with MeOHGCM6 extract at 500 mg/kg b.w. showed reduced absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesion sizes by > 99% (p < 0.05). This protective effect was comparable to that conferred by OMP. The pH of the gastric mucus decreased in dose-dependent manner from 5.51 to 3.82 and there was a significant increase in NP-SH concentrations.
Results from the study, suggest that the mass spectrometry standardized methanolic extract of Gracillaria changii possesses anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic properties. Further examination of the active constituent of the extract and its mechanism of action is warranted in the future.
石花菜（Xia 和 Abbott）Zhang 等人，是一种常见于马来西亚沿海地区的红藻，传统上用于食品，并用于治疗各种疾病，包括炎症和胃病。本研究的目的是研究质谱标准化的石花菜甲醇提取物的抗炎、胃保护和抗溃疡活性。
制备石花菜甲醇提取物（MeOHGCM6 提取物）并使用质谱（MS）进行标准化。通过用 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 提取物处理 U937 细胞在其分化过程中，检查 MeOHGCM6 提取物的抗炎活性。监测肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）反应水平以及 TNF-α 和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）基因表达，并与抗炎药物 10 nM 倍他米松进行比较。通过给大鼠喂食从 2.5 到 500 mg/kg 体重（b.w.）的 MeOHGCM6 提取物，检查 MeOHGCM6 提取物的胃保护和抗溃疡活性，诱导胃损伤。测定粘液和胃液的产生、胃液的 pH 值和非蛋白巯基（NP-SH）水平，并与 20 mg/kg b.w. 的奥美拉唑（OMP）进行比较，OMP 是一种已知的抗溃疡药物。
MeOHGCM6 提取物的 MS/MS 分析表明存在甲基 10-羟基脱镁叶绿酸 a 和 10-羟基脱镁叶绿素 a，这是已知的叶绿素蛋白和几种未识别的分子。在用 U937 细胞分化过程中用 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 提取物处理时，TNF-α 反应水平和 TNF-α 和 IL-6 基因表达显著受到抑制。抑制作用与倍他米松相当。用 10 μg/ml MeOHGCM6 提取物处理的细胞未记录到细胞毒性作用。用 500 mg/kg b.w. 的 MeOHGCM6 提取物喂养的大鼠，绝对乙醇诱导的胃损伤大小减少了>99%（p <0.05）。这种保护作用与 OMP 相当。胃粘液的 pH 值呈剂量依赖性从 5.51 降至 3.82，并且 NP-SH 浓度显著增加。
研究结果表明，石花菜的质谱标准化甲醇提取物具有抗炎、胃保护和抗溃疡特性。未来有必要进一步研究提取物的活性成分及其作用机制。
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