Jiménez Candel M I, Carpena Lucas P J, Mondéjar Jiménez J, García Pérez R, Gómez Navarro A J
Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Virgen del Castillo. Yecla. Murcia. España..
An Sist Sanit Navar. 2021 Apr 28;44(1):33-40. doi: 10.23938/ASSN.0883.
Excess weight and obesity in childhood is directly related to comorbidities that can have serious conse-quences for health. This study set out to identify the main modifiable lifestyles that influence the development of excess weight and obesity in childhood.
A cross-sectional study was carried out at seven secondary schools in Area V, Murcia, Spain. Questionnaires completed by parents were used to gather information about healthy habits in adolescents (ENHASA), The surveys con-sisted of four dimensions made up of modifiable lifestyle factors: nutrition, physical activity, new technologies and schoolmates. The adolescents' somatometric data was measured and classified according to the WHO categories for body mass index (BMI). ANOVA was used to compare the score differences among the BMI groups.
The questionnaire was completed by the parents of 421 adolescents with an average age of 12 years. 21.1% pre-sented excess weight and 19.7% obesity. The score obtained by adolescents in the physical activity dimension decreased in the increased BMI group (score in normal weight 6.36 vs. 4.45 in obesity; p<0.001). The other three dimensions showed insignificant differences in scores between normal weight and obesity groups.
Excess weight was present in 40.8% of the sample. Physical activity was the modifiable lifestyle to be most markedly linked to BMI. This outcome may help in planning specific strategies for sedentary lifestyles to reduce this dietary epidemic.
儿童期超重和肥胖与可能对健康产生严重后果的合并症直接相关。本研究旨在确定影响儿童期超重和肥胖发展的主要可改变生活方式。
在西班牙穆尔西亚五区的七所中学开展了一项横断面研究。通过家长填写的问卷收集青少年健康习惯信息（ENHASA）。调查由四个维度组成，包括可改变的生活方式因素：营养、体育活动、新技术和同学关系。测量青少年的身体测量数据，并根据世界卫生组织的体重指数（BMI）类别进行分类。采用方差分析比较BMI组之间的得分差异。
421名平均年龄为12岁的青少年的家长完成了问卷。21.1%的青少年超重，19.7%的青少年肥胖。体育活动维度中，青少年的得分在BMI增加组中降低（正常体重组得分为6.36，肥胖组为4.45；p<0.001）。其他三个维度在正常体重组和肥胖组之间的得分差异不显著。
样本中有40.8%的青少年超重。体育活动是与BMI最显著相关的可改变生活方式。这一结果可能有助于制定针对久坐生活方式的具体策略，以减少这种饮食流行问题。
