Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2021 Apr 14;85(2). doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00011-21. Print 2021 May 19.
The development and spread of antimicrobial resistance are major concerns for human and animal health. The effects of the overuse of antimicrobials in domestic animals on the dissemination of resistant microbes to humans and the environment are of concern worldwide. is an ideal model to illustrate the spread of antimicrobial resistance at the animal-human-environment interface because it is a natural soil saprophyte that is an intracellular zoonotic pathogen that produces severe bronchopneumonia in many animal species and humans. Globally, is most often recognized as causing severe pneumonia in foals that results in animal suffering and increased production costs for the many horse-breeding farms where the disease occurs. Because highly effective preventive measures for are lacking, thoracic ultrasonographic screening and antimicrobial chemotherapy of subclinically affected foals have been used for controlling this disease during the last 20 years. The resultant increase in antimicrobial use attributable to this "screen-and-treat" approach at farms where the disease is endemic has likely driven the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in foals and their environment. This review summarizes the factors that contributed to the development and spread of MDR , the molecular epidemiology of the emergence of MDR , the repercussions of MDR for veterinary and human medicine, and measures that might mitigate antimicrobial resistance at horse-breeding farms, such as alternative treatments to traditional antibiotics. Knowledge of the emergence and spread of MDR is of broad importance for understanding how antimicrobial use in domestic animals can impact the health of animals, their environment, and human beings.
抗菌药物耐药性的产生和传播是人类和动物健康的主要关注点。在畜牧业中过度使用抗菌药物会导致耐药微生物向人类和环境传播，这一问题在全球范围内受到关注。马是一种理想的模型，可以说明在动物-人类-环境界面上抗菌药物耐药性的传播，因为它是一种天然土壤腐生物，也是一种细胞内人畜共患病原体，会在许多动物物种和人类中引起严重的支气管肺炎。在全球范围内，马被认为是导致幼驹发生严重肺炎的主要病原体，这会导致动物痛苦，并增加了疾病发生的许多马匹养殖场的生产成本。由于缺乏针对马的高效预防措施，过去 20 年来，通过对疑似患病幼驹进行胸部超声筛查和抗菌药物化学治疗来控制这种疾病。在该疾病流行的农场，由于这种“筛查和治疗”方法的应用，导致抗菌药物的使用量增加，可能导致幼驹及其环境中出现多药耐药（MDR）。本综述总结了导致 MDR 马产生和传播的因素、MDR 的分子流行病学、MDR 对兽医和人类医学的影响，以及可以减轻马匹养殖场抗菌药物耐药性的措施，例如替代传统抗生素的治疗方法。了解 MDR 的出现和传播对于理解在畜牧业中使用抗菌药物如何影响动物、动物环境和人类的健康具有广泛的重要意义。
