Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy.
Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149, Rome, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 14;11(1):8118. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87173-3.
A radiological or nuclear attack could involve such a large number of subjects as to overwhelm the emergency facilities in charge. Resources should therefore be focused on those subjects needing immediate medical attention and care. In such a scenario, for the triage management by first responders, it is necessary to count on efficient biological dosimetry tools capable of early detection of the absorbed dose. At present the validated assays for measuring the absorbed dose are dicentric chromosomes and micronuclei counts, which require more than 2-3 days to obtain results. To overcome this limitation the NATO SPS Programme funded an Italian-Egyptian collaborative project aimed at validating a fast, accurate and feasible tool for assessing the absorbed dose early after radiation exposure. Biomarkers as complete blood cell counts, DNA breaks and radio-inducible proteins were investigated on blood samples collected before and 3 h after the first fraction of radiotherapy in patients treated in specific target areas with doses/fraction of about: 2, 3.5 or > 5 Gy and compared with the reference micronuclei count. Based on univariate and multivariate multiple linear regression correlation, our results identify five early biomarkers potentially useful for detecting the extent of the absorbed dose 3 h after the exposure.
放射性或核袭击可能涉及到大量人员，以至于负责的紧急设施不堪重负。因此，资源应集中于那些需要立即进行医疗关注和护理的人员。在这种情况下，对于急救人员的分诊管理，有必要依靠能够早期检测吸收剂量的高效生物剂量测定工具。目前，用于测量吸收剂量的验证检测方法是双着丝粒染色体和微核计数，这需要 2-3 天以上才能得出结果。为了克服这一限制，北约 SPS 计划资助了一个意大利-埃及合作项目，旨在验证一种快速、准确和可行的工具，用于在辐射暴露后早期评估吸收剂量。在特定靶区接受剂量/分次约为 2、3.5 或 >5 Gy 的患者中，在接受放疗的第一次分次之前和之后 3 小时采集血液样本，对全血细胞计数、DNA 断裂和放射性诱导蛋白等生物标志物进行了研究，并与参考微核计数进行了比较。基于单变量和多变量多元线性回归相关性，我们的结果确定了五个在暴露后 3 小时内检测吸收剂量程度的潜在有用的早期生物标志物。
