ICAP at Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America.
ICAP at Columbia University, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 15;16(4):e0250236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250236. eCollection 2021.
After a decade of civil war and the 2014-2016 West African Ebola outbreak, Sierra Leone now faces the COVID-19 pandemic with a fragile health system. As was demonstrated during Ebola, preparedness is key to limiting a health crisis' spread and impact on health systems and ensuring continued care for vulnerable populations including people living with HIV (PLHIV). To assess COVID-19 preparedness and inform interventions to ensure continuity of HIV services at health facilities (HFs) and community service points (CSPs), we conducted site readiness assessments in Freetown, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone. Data were collected at nine high-volume HIV HFs and seven CSPs in April 2020, a month after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. CSPs comprised three community drop-in centers providing HIV counseling and testing services as well as HIV prevention services (e.g., condoms and lubricants) for key and priority populations and four community-based support groups serving PLHIV. At the time of assessment, CSPs did not provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) but were considered potential sites for expansion of differentiated service delivery (DSD)-a client-centered approach to HIV care-in the context of COVID-19. Overall, 5/9 HFs had trained staff on use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Most had access to masks (5/9) and gloves (7/9) for management of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases, and 4/9 HFs had triage procedures for isolation of suspected cases. Conversely, few CSPs had access to masks (2/7) or gloves (2/7) and no staff were trained on PPE use or COVID-19 transmission. 7/9 HFs had adequate ART stock for multi-month dispensing though few had procedures for (3/9) or had trained staff in providing DSD (2/9). Among CSPs where measures were applicable, 2/4 had procedures for DSD, 1/3 had staff trained on DSD and none had adequate ART stock. Identification of gaps in COVID-19 preparedness is a critical step in providing support for infection control and modified service delivery. Findings from this assessment highlight gaps in COVID-19 preparedness measures at sites supporting PLHIV in Sierra Leone and indicate CSPs may require intensive supervision and training to ensure HIV services are uninterrupted while minimizing COVID-19 risk, especially if used as sites to scale up DSD.
经过十年内战和 2014-2016 年西非埃博拉疫情,塞拉利昂现在面临着 COVID-19 大流行,其脆弱的卫生系统不堪重负。正如埃博拉疫情所表明的那样,做好准备对于限制卫生危机的传播及其对卫生系统的影响以及确保包括艾滋病毒感染者(PLHIV)在内的弱势群体的持续护理至关重要。为了评估 COVID-19 的准备情况并为确保在卫生设施(HFs)和社区服务点(CSPs)继续提供 HIV 服务提供干预措施,我们在塞拉利昂 COVID-19 的中心弗里敦进行了现场准备情况评估。数据于 2020 年 4 月在九家高容量 HIVHF 和七家 CSP 收集,当时距离 COVID-19 宣布大流行仅一个月。CSP 包括三个社区即到即诊中心,为关键和优先人群提供 HIV 咨询和检测服务以及 HIV 预防服务(例如,避孕套和润滑剂),以及四个为 PLHIV 服务的社区支持小组。在评估时,CSP 不提供抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART),但被认为是在 COVID-19 背景下扩大差异化服务提供(DSD)的潜在场所,这是一种以客户为中心的 HIV 护理方法。总体而言,有 5/9 家 HF 对使用个人防护设备(PPE)和预防 COVID-19 传播进行了培训。大多数人都有口罩(5/9)和手套(7/9)来管理疑似/确诊的 COVID-19 病例,有 4/9 家 HF 有隔离疑似病例的分诊程序。相反,很少有 CSP 有口罩(2/7)或手套(2/7),也没有工作人员接受过 PPE 使用或 COVID-19 传播方面的培训。7/9 家 HF 有足够的 ART 库存可用于多月份配药,但很少有(3/9)程序或有培训工作人员提供 DSD(2/9)。在 CSP 中,有 2/4 有 DSD 程序,1/3 有接受过 DSD 培训的工作人员,没有人有足够的 ART 库存。确定 COVID-19 准备方面的差距是为感染控制和修改服务提供支持的关键步骤。这项评估的结果突显了塞拉利昂支持 PLHIV 的场所在 COVID-19 准备措施方面的差距,并表明 CSP 可能需要密集的监督和培训,以确保在最大程度地降低 COVID-19 风险的同时不会中断 HIV 服务,尤其是如果将其用作扩大 DSD 的场所。