Russon Matthew P, Westerhouse Kirsten M, Tran Elizabeth J
Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, BCHM A343, 175 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, Room 141, 201 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Biol Chem. 2020 Dec 14;402(5):637-644. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0333. Print 2021 Apr 27.
RNA helicases are enzymes that exist in all domains of life whose canonical functions include ATP-dependent remodeling of RNA structures and displacement of proteins from ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). These enzymes play roles in virtually all processes of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing, rRNA processing, nuclear mRNA export, translation and RNA decay. Here we review emerging noncanonical substrates of RNA helicases including RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) and RNA and DNA G-quadruplexes and discuss their biological significance.
RNA解旋酶是存在于生命所有领域的酶，其典型功能包括依赖ATP重塑RNA结构以及从核糖核蛋白复合物（RNP）中置换蛋白质。这些酶几乎在RNA代谢的所有过程中发挥作用，包括前体mRNA剪接、rRNA加工、核mRNA输出、翻译和RNA降解。在这里，我们综述了RNA解旋酶新出现的非典型底物，包括RNA-DNA杂交体（R环）以及RNA和DNA G-四链体，并讨论了它们的生物学意义。
