School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Environ Res. 2021 Jun;197:111168. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111168. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
Few studies have investigated the associations of child development with air pollution, land-use type, and maternal mental health simultaneously. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of exposure to air pollutants during several critical periods of life, with adjustment for land-use type and maternal mental status, on child development at 6, 12, and 24 months of age in the Greater Taipei area.
Participants were selected from an ongoing Taiwanese birth cohort study. We analyzed the data of the participants who had been recruited from January 2011 to April 2014. Self-administered standardized questionnaires were used to collect information on sociodemographic factors, infant development and health, maternal mental status, etc. Air pollution levels in pre- and postnatal periods were estimated using a spatial interpolation technique (ordinary kriging) at children's residential addresses. Land-use types around participants' homes were evaluated using buffer analysis. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the relationships between child development delay and environmental factors.
In total, 228, 361, and 441 families completed child development forms at 6, 12, and 24 months of age, respectively. Our results indicated that prenatal exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm and O and postnatal exposure to NO were negatively associated with child development. Traffic-related land-use types, gas stations, and power generation areas around participants' homes were also adversely correlated with child development. Moreover, poor maternal mental health was associated with child development delay.
Prenatal exposure and postnatal exposure to air pollution were associated with development delay in children under 2 years of age, specifically those under 1 year of age, even after adjustment for land-use type and maternal mental status. Living environment is critical for the development of children under 2 years of age.
很少有研究同时调查儿童发育与空气污染、土地利用类型和产妇心理健康之间的关系。因此，我们评估了生命中几个关键时期暴露于空气污染物，同时调整土地利用类型和产妇心理状态，对 6、12 和 24 个月大的大台北地区儿童发育的影响。
参与者选自一项正在进行的台湾出生队列研究。我们分析了 2011 年 1 月至 2014 年 4 月期间招募的参与者的数据。使用自我管理的标准化问卷收集社会人口因素、婴儿发育和健康、产妇心理健康等信息。使用空间插值技术（普通克里金）在儿童居住地址估计产前和产后的空气污染水平。使用缓冲区分析评估家庭周围的土地利用类型。我们使用多变量逻辑回归分析来检查儿童发育迟缓与环境因素之间的关系。
共有 228、361 和 441 个家庭分别在 6、12 和 24 个月大时完成了儿童发育表。结果表明，产前暴露于空气动力学直径≤10 μm 的颗粒物和 O 和产后暴露于 NO 与儿童发育迟缓呈负相关。家庭周围与交通有关的土地利用类型、加油站和发电区也与儿童发育不良相关。此外，产妇心理健康状况较差与儿童发育迟缓有关。
产前和产后暴露于空气污染与 2 岁以下儿童（尤其是 1 岁以下儿童）的发育迟缓有关，即使在调整土地利用类型和产妇心理状态后也是如此。生活环境对 2 岁以下儿童的发育至关重要。
