Department of Psychology and Pedagogy, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Campus de Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Cognitive Psychology at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
BMC Geriatr. 2021 Apr 15;21(1):251. doi: 10.1186/s12877-021-02199-6.
There is extensive concern about older people's care in institutions, especially recently in the past years. One of the reasons is linked to the cases of elder abuse, not only shown by academic and scientific sources, but also by social and mass media and their impact on public perception of the institutional setting. What is more, current COVID-19 pandemic consequences on older people have provoked alarm and worry especially about what is happening in institutions.
The sample for this study consists of 286 staff working in nursing homes in Spain. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Professional Good Care Scale in Nursing Homes (GCS-NH).
Results of parallel analyses and exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) showed a four-factor model for the 32-item scale: humanization (9 items), non-infantilization (10 items), respect (7 items) and empowerment (6 items). Then, psychometric properties were tested analysing internal consistency (reliability) and convergent, divergent and criterion validity. High internal consistency (reliability) and different validity evidence were obtained for the total scores of the GCS-NH and its subscales. GCS-NH scores were also capable of detecting risk of probable institutional elder abuse.
Results show that this scale is an appropriate, valid, and reliable multidimensional instrument to evaluate good care in older institutionalized people by staff. Good care is an outcome of a complex construct in which a wide range of factors converge (staff, older people, and environmental characteristics). The GCS-NH has potential to be used as a multidimensional tool to assess good care.
人们对机构内老年人的护理存在广泛关注，尤其是近年来。其中一个原因与虐待老人的案例有关，这些案例不仅在学术和科学来源中有所体现，还在社会和大众媒体中有所体现，并对公众对机构环境的看法产生了影响。此外，当前 COVID-19 对老年人的影响引发了警报和担忧，尤其是在机构中发生的情况。
本研究的样本包括 286 名在西班牙养老院工作的员工。本研究旨在评估养老院专业优质护理量表（GCS-NH）的心理测量特性。
平行分析和探索性因素分析（EFAs）的结果表明，32 项量表的四因素模型为：人性化（9 项）、非婴儿化（10 项）、尊重（7 项）和赋权（6 项）。然后，通过分析内部一致性（可靠性）以及收敛、发散和标准有效性来测试心理测量特性。GCS-NH 的总分及其分量表均获得了较高的内部一致性（可靠性）和不同的有效性证据。GCS-NH 分数还能够检测出机构中可能发生的虐待老人的风险。
结果表明，该量表是一种适当、有效和可靠的多维工具，可用于评估员工对老年住院患者的优质护理。优质护理是一个复杂结构的结果，其中涉及广泛的因素（员工、老年人和环境特征）。GCS-NH 有潜力成为评估优质护理的多维工具。
