Xi Tingting, Wu Jinlin
Medical Administration Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China Women's and Children's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021 Apr 9;14:393-403. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S304450. eCollection 2021.
The incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders especially in children has been on the rise in recent decades, which is possibly caused by many different factors. In order to further explain this situation and arouse enough attention, this review will specifically elaborate genetic aspects and pathogenic hypothesis of these two kinds of neurodevelopmental diseases in children, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while analyzing the relationship between different environmental toxins and these two disorders. The effects of these pathogenic factors such as heavy metal lead, mercury, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their strong pathogenicity will be explained in detail through literature data retrieval and analysis. In addition, other neurotransmitter such as norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) signaling factors coming down to these two neurodevelopmental disorders and how their abnormal concentration present in the blood as well as the completely opposite results among experimental groups and control group will be elaborated. Furthermore, other high-risk and high-exposure factors may contribute to both diseases, such as alcohol and smoking abuse among parents, air pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 in the environment will also be discussed in the review. Since these environmental toxins and other harmful substances discussed in the paper have been linked to an increasing number of children with autism and ADHD in recent decades, from the medical perspective, this review will put forward certain succinct points to the aspects of minimizing relevant exposure or risks in clinical and daily life, as well as feasible suggestions in public health area for children, parents and prospective parents, to curb the growth of these two diseases in part by raising awareness in the population and reducing unnecessary exposure.
近几十年来，神经发育障碍的发病率，尤其是在儿童中的发病率一直在上升，这可能是由许多不同因素引起的。为了进一步解释这种情况并引起足够的关注，本综述将具体阐述儿童自闭症和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）这两种神经发育疾病的遗传方面和致病假说，同时分析不同环境毒素与这两种疾病之间的关系。通过文献数据检索和分析，将详细解释重金属铅、汞、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和多氯联苯（PCBs）等致病因素的影响及其强大的致病性。此外，还将阐述其他神经递质，如去甲肾上腺素（NE）和血清素（5-HT）信号因子与这两种神经发育障碍的关系，以及它们在血液中的异常浓度如何呈现，以及实验组和对照组之间完全相反的结果。此外，其他高风险和高暴露因素，如父母酗酒和吸烟、环境中的空气污染物PM2.5和PM10，也将在综述中进行讨论。由于本文讨论的这些环境毒素和其他有害物质在近几十年来与越来越多的自闭症和多动症儿童有关，从医学角度来看，本综述将在临床和日常生活中尽量减少相关暴露或风险方面提出一些简要观点，以及针对儿童、父母和准父母在公共卫生领域的可行建议，通过提高人群意识和减少不必要的暴露来部分抑制这两种疾病的增长。
