Hoe Connie, Ahsan Hanaa, Ning Xuejuan, Wang Xiaojing, Li Dafei, Wright Kathy, Kennedy Ryan D
Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.
Vital Strategies, Jinan, China.
Tob Induc Dis. 2021 Apr 12;19:26. doi: 10.18332/tid/133635. eCollection 2021.
In recent years, tobacco control policy initiatives have emerged at the subnational level in China. In 2013, for example, Qingdao enacted a 100% smoke-free policy that gave regulatory authority to multiple enforcement agencies. Given that little is known about the extent of smoke-free policy compliance in smaller Chinese cities, this study assessed compliance with Qingdao's Tobacco Control Regulation and whether compliance differed by enforcement agency.
A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken between October and November 2018. Venues were selected based on enforcement agency and included restaurants, retail stores, schools, government buildings, hospitals, business offices, and other hospitality venues. Comprehensive lists of venues were identified where they existed, and a random sample of venues were subsequently selected. For venue categories for which there were no comprehensive lists, a walking protocol was used. Observational data included evidence of smoking, the presence of no-smoking signage, and designated smoking areas (DSAs). Descriptive statistics were obtained. Subsequently, logistic regression models were used to determine the association between enforcement agency and policy compliance.
A total of 694 venues were observed. For all venue types, 64.7% were compliant with the composite indicator 'evidence of smoking'. Findings also showed that smoke-free compliance varied by enforcement agency (p<0.001). Venues with evidence of smoking and not posting of no-smoking signs at the main entrance were lowest among venues that fall under Public Security Bureau. Compliance with posting no-smoking signs inside was lowest in venues that fall under the Industry and Commercial Administration (I&C). While Qingdao's smoke-free policy prohibits DSAs, our findings showed that 2% of venues that fall under the jurisdiction of I&C had DSAs.
An effective coordination mechanism that can ensure a consistent and standardized approach is urgently needed in Qingdao. With such a concerted effort, it will be possible to achieve the target of 100% smoke-free indoor places in Qingdao.
近年来，中国地方层面出现了烟草控制政策举措。例如，2013年青岛市颁布了一项100%无烟政策，赋予多个执法机构监管权力。鉴于对中国较小城市无烟政策的遵守程度了解甚少，本研究评估了对《青岛市控烟条例》的遵守情况以及遵守情况是否因执法机构而异。
于2018年10月至11月开展了一项横断面观察性研究。根据执法机构选择场所，包括餐馆、零售店、学校、政府大楼、医院、商务办公室和其他接待场所。在有场所综合清单的地方确定清单，随后随机选择场所样本。对于没有综合清单的场所类别，采用步行调查方案。观察数据包括吸烟证据、无烟标识的存在情况以及指定吸烟区（DSA）。获得描述性统计数据。随后，使用逻辑回归模型确定执法机构与政策遵守之间的关联。
共观察了694个场所。对于所有场所类型，64.7%符合“吸烟证据”这一综合指标。研究结果还表明，无烟政策的遵守情况因执法机构而异（p<0.001）。有吸烟证据且在主要入口未张贴无烟标识的场所，在公安局管辖的场所中比例最低。在工商行政管理部门（工商）管辖的场所中，内部张贴无烟标识的遵守率最低。虽然青岛的无烟政策禁止设置指定吸烟区，但我们的研究结果表明，工商部门管辖的场所中有2%设有指定吸烟区。
青岛市迫切需要一个有效的协调机制，以确保采取一致和标准化的方法。通过这样的共同努力，有可能实现青岛市室内场所100%无烟的目标。
