Gee Nancy R, Rodriguez Kerri E, Fine Aubrey H, Trammell Janet P
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Human Animal Interaction, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Human-Animal Bond in Colorado, School of Social Work, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Mar 30;8:630465. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.630465. eCollection 2021.
Humans have long realized that dogs can be helpful, in a number of ways, to achieving important goals. This is evident from our earliest interactions involving the shared goal of avoiding predators and acquiring food, to our more recent inclusion of dogs in a variety of contexts including therapeutic and educational settings. This paper utilizes a longstanding theoretical framework- the biopsychosocial model- to contextualize the existing research on a broad spectrum of settings and populations in which dogs have been included as an adjunct or complementary therapy to improve some aspect of human health and well-being. A wide variety of evidence is considered within key topical areas including cognition, learning disorders, neurotypical and neurodiverse populations, mental and physical health, and disabilities. A dynamic version of the biopsychosocial model is used to organize and discuss the findings, to consider how possible mechanisms of action may impact overall human health and well-being, and to frame and guide future research questions and investigations.
长期以来，人类已经认识到狗可以在许多方面帮助实现重要目标。这从我们最早涉及避免捕食者和获取食物这一共同目标的互动中就很明显，到我们最近在包括治疗和教育环境在内的各种背景下纳入狗的情况。本文利用一个长期存在的理论框架——生物心理社会模型——来将现有的关于广泛的环境和人群的研究背景化，在这些环境和人群中，狗已被用作辅助或补充疗法，以改善人类健康和幸福的某些方面。在包括认知、学习障碍、神经典型和神经多样化人群、身心健康以及残疾等关键主题领域内，考虑了各种各样的证据。生物心理社会模型的一个动态版本被用来组织和讨论研究结果，考虑可能的作用机制如何影响人类整体健康和幸福，并构建和指导未来的研究问题及调查。
