Waisen Philip, Wang Koon-Hui, Uyeda Jensen, Myers Roxana Y
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822.
Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822.
J Nematol. 2021 Mar 6;53. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-030. eCollection 2021.
Fluopyram (Velum One) is a synthetic nematicide and azadirachtin (Molt-X) is a biological nematicide. Both have shown promise against plant-parasitic nematodes on several agriculturally important crops. There is a lack of information on integration of pre-plant sunn hemp () cover crop with these post-plant nematicides, aiming to improve plant-parasitic nematodes management and mitigate any detrimental effects on free-living nematodes. Three field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of fluopyram alone or in combination with pre-plant sunn hemp cover crop, and azadirachtin combined with pre-plant sunn hemp on and spp., and free-living nematodes. Zucchini () and tomato () were grown in Trials I and II, and sweet potato () only was grown in Trial III. In all three trials, early applications of fluopyram at crop planting were effective in suppressing the abundance of spp. ( and ) but it was not effective in reducing in the soil. Combining sunn hemp with fluopyram was suppressive to on short-term zucchini crop, but not on longer term tomato and sweet potato crops. In addition, application of fluopyram at transplanting was the key to successful suppression of spp. as later fluopyram chemigation (at 2 weeks after planting in Trial II or 1 month after planting in Trial III) had no effect against spp. On the other hand, planting of sunn hemp followed by monthly post-plant azadirachtin application consistently suppressed , but this treatment did not suppress spp. Integrating sunn hemp with fluopyram increased zucchini yield by >2.3 folds and that with azadirachtin increased the zucchini yield by >1.7 folds. Although no yield improvement was observed on tomato in Trial II, integrating sunn hemp with azadirachtin and fluopyram increased tomato yield by 0.23 and 1.12 folds, respectively, in Trial I. Marketable yield of sweet potato was increased by 4.5-6.4 folds in all the fluopyram treatments but was only increased 61.5% by sunn hemp plus azadirachtin treatment. While fluopyram alone often reduced the abundance of free-living nematodes, integrating with sunn hemp mitigated the negative impacts of fluopyram on soil health.
氟吡菌酰胺（威鲁姆一号）是一种合成杀线虫剂，印楝素（莫尔特-X）是一种生物杀线虫剂。两者在几种重要农作物上对植物寄生线虫均显示出防治效果。关于种植前种植印度麻（）覆盖作物与这些种植后使用的杀线虫剂相结合，以改善植物寄生线虫管理并减轻对自由生活线虫的任何不利影响的信息尚缺。进行了三项田间试验，以研究单独使用氟吡菌酰胺或与种植前印度麻覆盖作物联合使用的效果，以及印楝素与种植前印度麻联合使用对根结线虫属（）和孢囊线虫属（）线虫以及自由生活线虫的影响。试验一和试验二中种植了西葫芦（）和番茄（），试验三中仅种植了甘薯（）。在所有三项试验中，作物种植时早期施用氟吡菌酰胺可有效抑制根结线虫属（南方根结线虫和爪哇根结线虫）线虫的数量，但对降低土壤中的孢囊线虫无效。印度麻与氟吡菌酰胺结合对短期西葫芦作物上的根结线虫有抑制作用，但对长期番茄和甘薯作物无效。此外，移栽时施用氟吡菌酰胺是成功抑制根结线虫属线虫的关键，因为后期进行氟吡菌酰胺化学灌溉（试验二种植后2周或试验三种植后1个月）对根结线虫属线虫无效。另一方面，先种植印度麻，随后每月施用种植后的印楝素可持续抑制孢囊线虫，但该处理对根结线虫属线虫无效。印度麻与氟吡菌酰胺结合使西葫芦产量提高了2.3倍以上，与印楝素结合使西葫芦产量提高了1.7倍以上。虽然试验二中番茄产量未提高，但试验一中印度麻与印楝素和氟吡菌酰胺结合分别使番茄产量提高了0.23倍和1.12倍。在所有氟吡菌酰胺处理中，甘薯的可售产量提高了（4.5-6.4）倍，但印度麻加印楝素处理仅使产量提高了61.5%。虽然单独使用氟吡菌酰胺通常会减少自由生活线虫的数量，但与印度麻结合可减轻氟吡菌酰胺对土壤健康的负面影响。
