Bohnet-Joschko Sabine, Bidenko Katharina
Lehrstuhl für Management und Innovation im Gesundheitswesen, Universität Witten Herdecke, Witten, Deutschland.
Gesundheitswesen. 2022 Jun;84(6):510-516. doi: 10.1055/a-1378-8897. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
The aim of this study was to explore caregiving situations and to identify highly burdened caregiver groups.
Survey data was collected from 1,429 family caregivers. Family caregivers were defined as relatives, friends, or neighbors who take care of and look after a person in need of care. Cluster analysis identified groups of family caregivers. Group differences were tested for statistical significance using the chi-squared test and analysis of variance.
Five groups of family caregivers were identified based on their caregiving tasks. Groups were characterized by the care situation (relationship to the person in need, intensity, and duration of care) and socio-demographic factors (gender, age, and employment). Groups differed in the perception of the care-related burden. While emotional burden was high in almost all groups, caregivers who provided everyday care reported high physical burden and those who provided continuous care over a long period reported high financial burden.
Caregivers are not a homogeneous group. They take on different roles and are exposed to various health and financial burdens. Information and services need to be addressed target group specifically. The presented typology supports health insurances and municipalities by enabling effective support approaches for highly burdened groups of family caregivers.
本研究旨在探索照护情况并识别负担较重的照护者群体。
收集了1429名家庭照护者的调查数据。家庭照护者被定义为照顾有需要之人的亲属、朋友或邻居。聚类分析确定了家庭照护者群体。使用卡方检验和方差分析对组间差异进行统计学显著性检验。
根据照护任务确定了五组家庭照护者。这些组的特征在于照护情况（与有需要之人的关系、照护强度和时长）以及社会人口学因素（性别、年龄和就业情况）。不同组在与照护相关的负担认知方面存在差异。虽然几乎所有组的情感负担都很重，但提供日常照护的照护者报告身体负担较重，而长期提供持续照护的照护者报告经济负担较重。
照护者并非一个同质化群体。他们承担着不同的角色，并面临各种健康和经济负担。信息和服务需要针对特定目标群体提供。所呈现的类型划分通过为负担较重的家庭照护者群体提供有效的支持方法，为健康保险机构和市政当局提供了支持。
