Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, MO, USA.
Cancer Center, Saint Louis University, MO, USA.
FEBS J. 2022 Jun;289(11):3011-3023. doi: 10.1111/febs.15876. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis revealed more than 90% of the human genome transcribes noncoding RNAs including lncRNAs. From the beginning of the 21st century, lncRNAs have gained widespread attention as a new layer of regulation in biological processes. lncRNAs are > 200 nucleotides in size, transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and share many similarities with mRNAs. lncRNA interacts with DNA, RNA, protein, and miRNAs, thereby regulating many biological processes. In this review, we have focused mainly on LINC01156 [also known as the EGFR long non-coding downstream RNA (ELDR) or Fabl] and its biological importance. ELDR is a newly identified lncRNA and first reported in a mouse model, but it has a human homolog. The human ELDR gene is closely localized downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene at chromosome 7 on the opposite strand. ELDR is highly expressed in neuronal stem cells and associated with neuronal differentiation and mouse brain development. ELDR is upregulated in head and neck cancer, suggesting its role as an oncogene and its importance in prognosis and therapy. Publicly available RNA-seq data further support its oncogenic potential in different cancers. Here, we summarize all the aspects of ELDR in development and cancer, highlighting its future perspectives in the context of mechanism.
全基因组测序和转录组分析表明，人类基因组超过 90%的转录产物为非编码 RNA，包括长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）。自 21 世纪初以来，lncRNA 作为生物过程中一种新的调控层而受到广泛关注。lncRNA 的长度大于 200 个核苷酸，由 RNA 聚合酶 II 转录，并与 mRNAs 具有许多相似之处。lncRNA 与 DNA、RNA、蛋白质和 miRNA 相互作用，从而调节许多生物过程。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注 LINC01156（也称为 EGFR 长非编码下游 RNA（ELDR）或 Fabl）及其生物学意义。ELDR 是一种新发现的 lncRNA，首先在小鼠模型中报道，但它有一个人类同源物。人类 ELDR 基因在 7 号染色体上 EGFR 基因的下游紧密定位，位于其反义链上。ELDR 在神经干细胞中高度表达，与神经元分化和小鼠大脑发育有关。ELDR 在头颈部癌症中上调，提示其作为癌基因的作用及其在预后和治疗中的重要性。公开的 RNA-seq 数据进一步支持了其在不同癌症中的致癌潜能。在这里，我们总结了 ELDR 在发育和癌症中的所有方面，强调了其在机制背景下的未来前景。
