Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, 411033, India.
Bioinformatics Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India.
Oncol Res. 2024 Sep 18;32(10):1589-1612. doi: 10.32604/or.2024.052120. eCollection 2024.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) with a poor overall survival rate (about 50%), particularly in cases of metastasis. RNA-based cancer biomarkers are a relatively advanced concept, and non-coding RNAs currently have shown promising roles in the detection and treatment of various malignancies. This review underlines the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the OSCC and its subsequent clinical implications. LncRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs, are larger than 200 nucleotides and resemble mRNA in numerous ways. However, unlike mRNA, lncRNA regulates multiple druggable and non-druggable signaling molecules through simultaneous interaction with DNA, RNA, proteins, or microRNAs depending on concentration and localization in cells. Upregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs and down-regulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs are evident in OSCC tissues and body fluids such as blood and saliva indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers. Targeted inhibition of candidate oncogenic lncRNAs or over-expression of tumor suppressor lncRNAs showed potential therapeutic roles in animal models. The types of lncRNAs that are expressed differentially in OSCC tissue and bodily fluids have been systematically documented with specificity and sensitivity. This review thoroughly discusses the biological functions of such lncRNAs in OSCC cell survival, proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism, epigenetic modification, tumor immune microenvironment, and drug resistance. Subsequently, we addressed the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of lncRNAs in OSCC pre-clinical and clinical systems, providing details on ongoing research and outlining potential future directions for advancements in this field. In essence, this review could be a valuable resource by offering comprehensive and current insights into lncRNAs in OSCC for researchers in fundamental and clinical domains.
口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）中最常见的形式之一，整体生存率较差（约 50%），尤其是在转移的情况下。基于 RNA 的癌症生物标志物是一个相对先进的概念，非编码 RNA 目前在各种恶性肿瘤的检测和治疗中显示出有前途的作用。这篇综述强调了长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）在 OSCC 中的功能及其随后的临床意义。lncRNA 是一类非编码 RNA，长度大于 200 个核苷酸，在许多方面与 mRNA 相似。然而，与 mRNA 不同，lncRNA 通过与 DNA、RNA、蛋白质或 microRNA 的同时相互作用，根据浓度和细胞内定位，调节多种可靶向和不可靶向的信号分子。在 OSCC 组织和血液、唾液等体液中，癌基因 lncRNA 的上调和抑癌 lncRNA 的下调表明它们作为有价值的生物标志物的潜力。在动物模型中，针对候选癌基因 lncRNA 的抑制或肿瘤抑制 lncRNA 的过表达显示出潜在的治疗作用。在 OSCC 组织和体液中差异表达的 lncRNA 类型已被系统地记录下来，具有特异性和敏感性。本综述全面讨论了这些 lncRNA 在 OSCC 细胞存活、增殖、侵袭、迁移、转移、血管生成、代谢、表观遗传修饰、肿瘤免疫微环境和耐药性中的生物学功能。随后，我们讨论了 lncRNA 在 OSCC 临床前和临床系统中的诊断和治疗重要性，详细介绍了正在进行的研究，并概述了该领域未来的潜在发展方向。本质上，这篇综述通过为基础和临床领域的研究人员提供有关 OSCC 中 lncRNA 的全面和最新见解，可能成为一个有价值的资源。
