Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Room BG03, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Division of Pediatric Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology and Image Guided Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory + Children's Pediatric Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2021 Jun;51(7):1162-1184. doi: 10.1007/s00247-021-04968-2. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
Vascular malformations and vascular tumors comprise the two specific subsets of vascular anomalies that arise as a result of disorganized angiogenesis and neoplasm, respectively. Malformations are separate entities from vascular tumors (e.g., hemangiomas) and are recognized by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) as such. Vascular malformations are classified into four main groups: simple, combined, anomalies of major vessels, and those associated with other vascular anomalies. Vascular tumors are neoplastic growths of blood vessels and are morphologically and molecularly distinct from malformations but can arise in the head and neck and have syndromic association. Head and neck vascular anomalies are not uncommon in the pediatric population and require special care in the workup, diagnostic imaging and clinical care. The purpose of this manuscript is to discuss the diagnosis and management of the most common intracranial and extracranial vascular malformations and tumors in the head and neck in children and adolescents.
血管畸形和血管肿瘤分别是由于血管生成和肿瘤的紊乱而产生的两种特定的血管异常亚组。畸形与血管肿瘤（例如血管瘤）不同，并被国际血管异常研究学会（ISSVA）确认为这样的实体。血管畸形分为四大类：单纯性、复合性、大血管异常和与其他血管异常相关的畸形。血管肿瘤是血管的肿瘤性生长，在形态和分子上与畸形不同，但可以发生在头颈部并与综合征有关。头颈部血管异常在儿科人群中并不少见，在评估、诊断成像和临床护理方面需要特别注意。本文的目的是讨论儿童和青少年头颈部最常见的颅内和颅外血管畸形和肿瘤的诊断和治疗。
