Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2022 Nov;51(10):860-871. doi: 10.1111/jop.13322. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Vascular anomalies affect up to 5% of children with the majority affecting the head and neck. They present at different ages as a wide variety of lesions. A careful evaluation with history, physical examination, and imaging assists in the proper diagnosis. Depending upon the condition treatment options for vascular anomalies include topical therapy, selective photothermolysis, sclerotherapy, embolization, surgical excision, and targeted systemic therapy.
Staged multimodal therapeutic regimens have proven to best control disease and allow for the preservation of function and aesthetics. The timing, sequence, and combination of therapies are best determined by a multidisciplinary vascular anomalies team. Patients and families need to be counseled on anticipated positive outcomes following a protracted course of treatment for the majority of vascular anomalies.
血管异常影响多达 5%的儿童，其中大部分影响头颈部。它们以各种不同的病变形式出现在不同的年龄段。通过病史、体格检查和影像学检查进行仔细评估有助于做出正确的诊断。根据病情，血管异常的治疗选择包括局部治疗、选择性光热分解、硬化治疗、栓塞、手术切除和靶向系统治疗。
已证实分阶段多模式治疗方案可最佳控制疾病，同时还能保留功能和美观。最佳的治疗时间、顺序和组合是由多学科血管异常团队决定的。对于大多数血管异常，患者及其家属需要接受有关在经过长期治疗后预期会有积极结果的咨询。
