Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2021 Jun 15;191:108567. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108567. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Early life adversity can set the trajectory for later psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders. There are a host of neurobiological factors that may play a role in the negative trajectory. The current review examines preclinical evidence suggesting that early life adversity specifically involving social factors (maternal separation, adolescent social isolation and adolescent social defeat) may influence drug abuse vulnerability by strengthening corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems and weakening oxytocin (OT) systems. In adulthood, pharmacological and genetic evidence indicates that both CRF and OT systems are directly involved in drug reward processes. With early life adversity, numerous studies show an increase in drug abuse vulnerability measured in adulthood, along a concomitant strengthening of CRF systems and a weakening of OT systems. Mechanistic studies, while relatively few in number, are generally consistent with the theme that strengthened CRF systems and weakened OT systems mediate, at least in part, the link between early life adversity and drug abuse vulnerability. Establishing a direct role of CRF and OT in mediating the relation between early life social stressors and drug abuse vulnerability will inform clinical researchers and practitioners toward the development of intervention strategies to reduce risk among those suffering from early life adversities. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
早期生活逆境可能会为以后的精神障碍，包括物质使用障碍，设定轨迹。有许多神经生物学因素可能在负面轨迹中发挥作用。目前的综述研究表明，早期生活逆境，特别是涉及社会因素（母婴分离、青少年社交隔离和青少年社交挫败），可能通过加强促肾上腺皮质释放激素（CRF）系统和削弱催产素（OT）系统来影响药物滥用易感性。在成年期，药理学和遗传学证据表明，CRF 和 OT 系统都直接参与药物奖励过程。在早期生活逆境中，许多研究表明，成年后药物滥用易感性增加，同时 CRF 系统增强，OT 系统减弱。尽管数量相对较少，但机制研究通常与主题一致，即增强的 CRF 系统和减弱的 OT 系统至少部分介导了早期生活应激源与药物滥用易感性之间的联系。确定 CRF 和 OT 在介导早期生活社会应激源与药物滥用易感性之间的关系方面的直接作用，将为临床研究人员和从业者提供信息，以制定干预策略，减少遭受早期生活逆境者的风险。本文是“物质滥用易感性”特刊的一部分。
