Black V J, Black C R, Roberts J A, Stewart C A
1 Department of Geography, University of Loughborough, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
New Phytol. 2000 Sep;147(3):421-447. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00721.x.
Sexual reproductive development is a crucial stage in the life cycle of higher plants as any impairment of the processes involved might have significant implications for the productivity of crop plants and the survival of native species. There is considerable evidence that exposure to ozone, even at current ambient levels in many industrialized countries, reduces grain and fruit yields and adversely affects yield quality. It is also well established that sensitivity to ozone may differ not only between species, but also between cultivars and populations of individual species, and that the impact of exposure is highly dependent on ozone concentration and the duration and timing of exposure. However, few studies have attempted to distinguish between the direct effects of air pollutants on reproductive development, and indirect effects mediated by injury to the vegetative organs and associated changes in the supply of assimilates and other essential resources to support reproductive growth, or the levels of endogenous growth regulators. This review considers the impact of ozone on the reproductive biology of agricultural and native species, and examines its direct effects on specific reproductive processes. The extent to which compensatory responses redress the adverse effects of exposure is also explored, with particular reference to recent studies of Brassica napus (oilseed rape), Brassica campestris (Wisconsin Fast Plants), Plantago major (greater plantain) and Triticum aestivum (wheat). contents Summary 421 I. introduction 421 II. effects of ozone on reproduction 423 III. influence of reproductive habit and implications for field-grown plants 438 IV. conclusions and future research 441 Acknowledgements 442 References 442.
有性生殖发育是高等植物生命周期中的一个关键阶段，因为所涉及的任何过程受损都可能对农作物的生产力和本地物种的生存产生重大影响。有大量证据表明，即使在许多工业化国家目前的环境水平下接触臭氧，也会降低谷物和水果产量，并对产量质量产生不利影响。还已充分证实，对臭氧的敏感性不仅可能因物种而异，而且在单个物种的品种和种群之间也可能不同，并且接触的影响高度依赖于臭氧浓度以及接触的持续时间和时间。然而，很少有研究试图区分空气污染物对生殖发育的直接影响，以及由营养器官损伤介导的间接影响，以及支持生殖生长的同化物和其他必需资源供应的相关变化，或内源性生长调节剂的水平。本综述考虑了臭氧对农业和本地物种生殖生物学的影响，并研究了其对特定生殖过程的直接影响。还探讨了补偿反应纠正接触不利影响的程度，特别参考了最近对甘蓝型油菜（油菜）、白菜型油菜（威斯康星快速植物）、大车前草（大车前）和普通小麦（小麦）的研究。内容摘要421 一、引言421 二、臭氧对生殖的影响423 三、生殖习性的影响及对田间种植植物的意义438 四、结论与未来研究441 致谢442 参考文献442 。
