Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Int J Equity Health. 2021 Apr 16;20(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12939-021-01439-w.
Rapid urbanization increases competition for scarce urban resources and underlines the need for policies that promote equitable access to resources. This study examined equity and social inclusion of urban development policies in Nigeria through the lenses of access to health and food/nutrition resources.
Desk review of 22 policy documents, strategies, and plans within the ambit of urban development was done. Documents were sourced from organizational websites and offices. Data were extracted by six independent reviewers using a uniform template designed to capture considerations of access to healthcare and food/nutrition resources within urban development policies/plans/strategies in Nigeria. Emerging themes on equity and social inclusion in access to health and food/nutirition resources were identified and analysed.
Access to health and food/nutrition resources were explicit in eight (8) and twelve (12) policies/plans, respectively. Themes that reflect potential policy contributions to social inclusion and equitable access to health resources were: Provision of functional and improved health infrastructure; Primary Health Care strengthening for quality health service delivery; Provision of safety nets and social health insurance; Community participation and integration; and Public education and enlightenment. With respect to nutrition resources, emergent themes were: Provision of accessible and affordable land to farmers; Upscaling local food production, diversification and processing; Provision of safety nets; Private-sector participation; and Special considerations for vulnerable groups.
There is sub-optimal consideration of access to health and nutrition resources in urban development policies in Nigeria. Equity and social inclusivity in access to health and nutrition resources should be underscored in future policies.
快速城市化加剧了对稀缺城市资源的竞争，凸显了需要制定促进公平获取资源的政策。本研究通过考察尼日利亚获取卫生和食物/营养资源的机会，从获取卫生和食物/营养资源的角度审视了城市发展政策的公平性和社会包容性。
对城市发展范围内的 22 份政策文件、战略和计划进行了案头审查。文件来源于组织网站和办公室。六名独立评审员使用统一模板提取数据，该模板旨在捕捉尼日利亚城市发展政策/计划/战略中获取医疗保健和食物/营养资源的考虑因素。确定并分析了获取卫生和食物/营养资源方面的公平性和社会包容性的主题。
有八项（8）和十二项（12）政策/计划明确提及了获取卫生和食物/营养资源的问题。反映潜在政策对社会包容和公平获取卫生资源的贡献的主题包括：提供功能齐全和改善的卫生基础设施；加强初级卫生保健以提供优质卫生服务；提供安全网和社会医疗保险；社区参与和融合；以及公共教育和宣传。关于营养资源，出现的主题包括：为农民提供可及和负担得起的土地；提高当地粮食生产、多样化和加工水平；提供安全网；私营部门参与；以及对弱势群体的特殊考虑。
尼日利亚城市发展政策中对获取卫生和营养资源的考虑不足。未来的政策应强调获取卫生和营养资源的公平性和社会包容性。
