Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, UniversitiTeknologi Mara (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Centre of Periodontology Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Aust Dent J. 2021 Mar;66 Suppl 1:S15-S26. doi: 10.1111/adj.12845. Epub 2021 May 5.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia resulted from defects in insulin secretion or action, or both. Various studies have reported on the bidirectional relationship between DM and periodontal disease. A systematic search of the literature was performed in several databases, EBSCO Medline Complete, PubMed, Science Direct and a manual search for articles from 2000 until 2019. Literature that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were identified, and data measuring plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) were extracted and subjected to Random-effects meta-analysis. From 947 titles and abstracts screened, 11 articles were included for meta-analysis. It was found that PI, GI, CAL and PPD were significantly higher in DM children than in non-DM children according to the Standardized Mean different (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) (SMD 0.54, 95% CI 0.20-0.87, P = 0.002; SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.39-0.87, P < 0.001; SMD 0.79, 95% CI 0.52-1.05, P < 0.001, SMD 0.67, 95% CI 0.23-1.11, P = 0.003, respectively). The meta-analysis showed significant differences in PI, GI, PD and CAL between the two groups, favouring non-DM children. Therefore, early detection of DM children with periodontal disease is crucial to prevent periodontal disease.
糖尿病（DM）是一种复杂的代谢性疾病，其特征是由于胰岛素分泌或作用缺陷或两者兼而有之导致的高血糖。各种研究报告了 DM 和牙周病之间的双向关系。在几个数据库（EBSCO Medline Complete、PubMed、Science Direct）中进行了系统的文献搜索，并手动搜索了 2000 年至 2019 年的文章。确定了符合纳入标准的文献，并提取了衡量菌斑指数（PI）、牙龈指数（GI）、临床附着丧失（CAL）和牙周探诊深度（PPD）的数据，并进行了随机效应荟萃分析。在筛选出的 947 个标题和摘要中，有 11 篇文章被纳入荟萃分析。根据标准化均数差值（SMD）和 95%置信区间（CI），发现 DM 儿童的 PI、GI、CAL 和 PPD 明显高于非 DM 儿童（SMD 0.54，95%CI 0.20-0.87，P=0.002；SMD 0.63，95%CI 0.39-0.87，P<0.001；SMD 0.79，95%CI 0.52-1.05，P<0.001，SMD 0.67，95%CI 0.23-1.11，P=0.003）。荟萃分析显示两组间 PI、GI、PD 和 CAL 存在显著差异，非 DM 儿童更有利。因此，早期发现患有牙周病的 DM 儿童对于预防牙周病至关重要。
