Krause Laura, Seeling Stefanie, Heidemann Christin
Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany.
J Health Monit. 2025 Apr 9;10(2):e13080. doi: 10.25646/13080. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Self-perceived oral health reflects the individual's point of view. Both subjective (e.g. pain, aesthetic aspects) and objective criteria (e.g. oral diseases, functional limitations) are included in the assessment. Oral diseases interact with noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
Data basis is the study German Health Update (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS). In the telephone interview, respondents were asked about the presence of diabetes in the last 12 months and the state of their teeth and gums. Prevalences, prevalence ratios (PR) and p-values from Poisson regressions were calculated for people aged 18 years and older ( = 22,613).
People with diabetes were more likely to rate their oral health as fair to very poor than people without diabetes (41.2 % vs. 27.5 %). The association between diabetes and fair to very poor self-perceived oral health persisted after statistical control for sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics (PR 1.22, < 0.001). This applies to both women and men.
Based on a population-representative sample, it was shown for the first time for Germany that there is an association between diabetes and oral health in adulthood. These results support international research findings. Greater interdisciplinary cooperation between physician groups who treat people with diabetes and dentists is required.
自我认知的口腔健康反映了个人观点。评估中纳入了主观标准（如疼痛、美观方面）和客观标准（如口腔疾病、功能限制）。口腔疾病与糖尿病等非传染性疾病相互作用。
数据来源于德国健康更新研究（GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS）。在电话访谈中，询问受访者过去12个月内是否患有糖尿病以及他们的牙齿和牙龈状况。计算了18岁及以上人群（n = 22,613）的患病率、患病率比（PR）和泊松回归的p值。
与无糖尿病的人相比，糖尿病患者更有可能将自己的口腔健康评为一般至非常差（41.2%对27.5%）。在对社会人口学和行为特征进行统计控制后，糖尿病与自我认知的一般至非常差的口腔健康之间的关联仍然存在（PR 1.22，p < 0.001）。这在男性和女性中均适用。
基于具有人群代表性的样本，德国首次表明成年期糖尿病与口腔健康之间存在关联。这些结果支持了国际研究发现。治疗糖尿病患者的医生群体和牙医之间需要加强跨学科合作。
