Trouw Nutrition R&D, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
Trouw Nutrition R&D, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Jul;104(7):7845-7855. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-20003. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
There is growing evidence suggesting that by improving gut integrity and function, less energy is partitioned toward immune responses related to xenobiotic infiltration, sparing energy for productive purposes. Gluconic acid and its salts have previously shown prebiotic effects in the lower gut of nonruminant animals, where they serve as a precursor for butyrate, although evidence in ruminants is limited. Butyrate and its fermentative precursors have demonstrated multiple beneficial effects to gastrointestinal ecology, morphology, and function, such as the stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation and improvement of gut barrier function and ecology. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in milk production, milk fatty acid composition, and fecal and blood parameters in lactating dairy cattle fed a hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate (HFCG) supplement designed to target the hindgut for calcium gluconate delivery. In addition, the effects of a compound feed processing method (i.e., incorporated into a mash or an extruded pellet) were tested to evaluate the effect of extrusion on product efficacy. Forty-five lactating Holstein cows at approximately 165 d in milk were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square consisting of three 28-d periods, during which animals were offered a basal ration mixed with 3 different compound feeds: a negative control in mash form containing no HFCG, or the HFCG supplement fed at a target rate of 16 g/d, delivered in either a mash or pelleted form. Supplementation of HFCG tended to increase yields of milk fat and fat- and energy-corrected milk. Total yields and concentrations of milk fatty acids ≥18 carbons in length tended to increase in response to HFCG. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids and milk urea increased in HFCG treatments. No differences were observed in fecal pH or fecal concentrations of volatile fatty acids, with the exception of isobutyrate, which decreased in HFCG-fed cows. Changes in milk fatty acid profile suggest that increased milk fat yield was driven by increased incorporation of preformed fatty acids, supported by increased circulating nonesterified fatty acid. Future research investigating the mode of action of HFCG at the level of the hindgut epithelium is warranted, as measured fecal parameters showed no response to treatment.
越来越多的证据表明，通过改善肠道完整性和功能，可以减少与异生物质渗透相关的免疫反应所消耗的能量，从而为生产目的节省能量。葡萄糖酸及其盐在非反刍动物的下肠道中表现出先前的益生元作用，在那里它们作为丁酸盐的前体，尽管反刍动物的证据有限。丁酸盐及其发酵前体对胃肠道生态、形态和功能表现出多种有益作用，例如刺激上皮细胞增殖，改善肠道屏障功能和生态。本研究的目的是评估在给泌乳奶牛饲喂一种旨在靶向后肠输送葡萄糖酸钙的氢化脂肪包埋葡萄糖酸钙（HFCG）补充剂时，产奶量、乳脂肪酸组成以及粪便和血液参数的变化。此外，还测试了一种复合饲料加工方法（即，混入糊料或挤压颗粒中）的效果，以评估挤压对产品功效的影响。使用 45 头处于泌乳期约 165 天的荷斯坦奶牛进行了 3x3 拉丁方设计的 3 个 28 天周期试验，在此期间，动物们接受了一种基础日粮与 3 种不同的复合饲料混合：以糊料形式添加的阴性对照物，其中不含有 HFCG，或按照目标剂量 16g/d 添加的 HFCG 补充剂，以糊料或颗粒形式添加。HFCG 的补充倾向于增加乳脂和脂肪校正奶的产量。对 HFCG 的反应使长于 18 个碳的乳脂肪酸的总产量和浓度增加。血浆非酯化脂肪酸和乳尿素在 HFCG 处理中增加。除异丁酸外，粪便 pH 或粪便挥发性脂肪酸浓度没有差异，而异丁酸在 HFCG 喂养奶牛中减少。乳脂肪酸谱的变化表明，增加的乳脂产量是由前体脂肪酸的增加引起的，这得到了循环非酯化脂肪酸的支持。需要进一步研究 HFCG 在后肠上皮水平的作用机制，因为测量的粪便参数对处理没有反应。
