Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8.
Trouw Nutrition R&D, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
J Anim Sci. 2022 Aug 1;100(8). doi: 10.1093/jas/skac205.
Gluconate salts have been identified as a butyrate precursor when fed to non-ruminant species and may increase the butyrate concentration in the large intestine supporting gastrointestinal health and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose response of hydrogenated fat-embedded calcium gluconate (HFCG) on performance and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development in growing lambs. Thirty-two wether lambs were used in a randomized complete block design and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments differing in the inclusion of HFCG: 0.0% (CON), 0.075% (LOW), 0.30% (MED), and 0.60% of the diet (HIGH). Lambs were allocated into individual pens and fed ad libitum with feed delivered twice daily. Feed intake was recorded daily, and body weight (BW) was assessed at the beginning and the end of the 29-d period. Blood was sampled on day 21, prior to feeding and 6 h post-feeding to evaluate changes in β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Total fecal collection was conducted during days 25 to 28 to assess apparent total tract digestibility. On day 29, lambs were slaughtered, and the entire GIT was separated by region to enable sampling of tissue and digesta. Data were analyzed to assess linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of HFCG dose. Final BW, average daily gain, and dry matter intake decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.02) with increasing HFCG. Increasing inclusion of HFCG linearly decreased (P = 0.01) the thickness of the stratum corneum in ruminal papillae but did not affect other strata (P ≥ 0.34). Omasal digesta weight linearly decreased (P = 0.01) as the concentration of HFCG increased and abomasal digesta weight was cubically affected (P = 0.03) the increasing dose of HFCG. Short-chain fatty acid concentration in the cecum was cubically affected (P < 0.01) with increasing dose of HFCG where low dose had the greatest concentration. Moreover, increasing the dietary supply of HFCG linearly increased the proportion of acetate (P = 0.04) in the cecum and linearly decreased the proportion of propionate in the digesta of both the cecum (P < 0.01) and colon (P = 0.01). Colon crypt depth was quadratically (P = 0.03) affected with the increasing dose of HFCG, where lambs fed MED had greatest crypt depth. We conclude that feeding HFCG to growing lambs did not increase butyrate concentration in the large intestine and consequently does not increase the absorptive surface area of the whole tract, the size of the GIT, or the functionality of the intestine.
葡萄糖酸盐已被确定为非反刍动物的丁酸盐前体，当喂食给非反刍动物时，它可能会增加大肠中的丁酸盐浓度，从而支持胃肠道健康和发育。本研究的目的是评估氢化脂肪包埋葡萄糖酸钙（HFCG）对生长绵羊生产性能和胃肠道（GIT）发育的剂量反应。32 只去势公羊采用完全随机分组设计，分为 4 个处理组，在日粮中分别添加 0.0%（CON）、0.075%（LOW）、0.30%（MED）和 0.60%（HIGH）的 HFCG。羔羊被分配到单独的围栏中，自由采食两次/d 提供的饲料。每天记录饲料摄入量，在 29 天期间的开始和结束时评估体重（BW）。在 21 天、喂前和喂后 6 h 时采血，以评估 β-羟丁酸、葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度的变化。在 25 至 28 天期间进行总粪便收集，以评估全肠道消化率。在第 29 天，对羔羊进行屠宰，通过区域分离整个 GIT，以便对组织和消化物进行采样。分析数据以评估 HFCG 剂量的线性、二次和三次效应。随着 HFCG 的增加，最终 BW、平均日增重和干物质摄入量呈线性下降（P ≤ 0.02）。随着 HFCG 添加量的增加，瘤胃乳头角质层的厚度呈线性下降（P = 0.01），但其他层（P ≥ 0.34）没有影响。网胃食糜重量随着 HFCG 浓度的增加而呈线性下降（P = 0.01），皱胃食糜重量受立方效应影响（P = 0.03），随着 HFCG 剂量的增加。盲肠食糜中短链脂肪酸的浓度受三次效应影响（P < 0.01），其中低剂量的浓度最大。此外，随着 HFCG 日粮供应量的增加，盲肠中乙酸的比例呈线性增加（P = 0.04），盲肠和结肠食糜中丙酸的比例呈线性下降（P < 0.01）和结肠（P = 0.01）。结肠隐窝深度受二次效应影响（P = 0.03），其中 MED 组的羔羊隐窝深度最大。我们得出结论，给生长绵羊喂食 HFCG 不会增加大肠中的丁酸盐浓度，因此不会增加整个肠道的吸收表面积、GIT 的大小或肠道的功能。
