Lee Sul A, Choi Chulhee, Yoo Tae-Hyun
Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, MA, USA.
Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2021 Jun;40(2):194-207. doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.209. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are cell-derived lipid bilayer membrane particles, which deliver information from host cells to recipient cells. EVs are involved in various biological processes including the modulation of the immune response, cell-to-cell communications, thrombosis, and tissue regeneration. Different types of kidney cells are known to release EVs under physiologic as well as pathologic conditions, and recent studies have found that EVs have a pathophysiologic role in different renal diseases. Given the recent advancement in EV isolation and analysis techniques, many studies have shown the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in various renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury, polycystic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, kidney transplantation, and renal cell carcinoma. This review updates recent clinical and experimental findings on the role of EVs in renal diseases and highlights the potential clinical applicability of EVs as novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
细胞外囊泡（EVs），如外泌体和微囊泡，是细胞来源的脂质双分子层膜颗粒，可将信息从宿主细胞传递至受体细胞。EVs参与多种生物学过程，包括免疫反应调节、细胞间通讯、血栓形成和组织再生。已知不同类型的肾细胞在生理和病理条件下均可释放EVs，最近的研究发现EVs在不同的肾脏疾病中具有病理生理作用。鉴于EV分离和分析技术的最新进展，许多研究表明EVs在各种肾脏疾病，如急性肾损伤、多囊肾病、慢性肾病、肾移植和肾细胞癌中具有诊断和治疗潜力。本综述更新了关于EVs在肾脏疾病中作用的最新临床和实验研究结果，并强调了EVs作为新型诊断和治疗方法的潜在临床适用性。
