Muhialdin Belal J, Zawawi Norhasnida, Abdull Razis Ahmad Faizal, Bakar Jamilah, Zarei Mohammad
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
Food Control. 2021 Sep;127:108140. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108140. Epub 2021 Apr 11.
The recent COVID-19, a viral outbreak calls for a high demand for non-conventional antiviral agents that can reduce the risk of infections and promote fast recovery. Fermented foods and their probiotics bacteria have recently received increasing interest due to the reported potential of high antiviral activity. Several probiotics strains demonstrated broad range of antiviral activities and different mechanisms of action. This article will review the diversity, health benefits, interaction with immune system and antiviral activity of fermented foods and their probiotics bacteria. In addition, the mechanisms of action will be reviewed to determine the broad range potential antiviral activity against the respiratory and alimentary tracts viruses. The probiotics bacteria and bioactive compounds in fermented foods demonstrated antiviral activities against respiratory and alimentary tracts viruses. The mechanism of action was reported to be due to the stimulation of the immune system function via enhancing natural killers cell toxicity, enhance the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the cytotoxic of T lymphocytes (CD3, CD16, CD56). However, further studies are highly recommended to determine the potential antiviral activity for traditional fermented foods.
近期爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）这一病毒疫情，对能够降低感染风险并促进快速康复的非常规抗病毒药物提出了很高的需求。由于据报道发酵食品及其益生菌具有较高的抗病毒活性潜力，它们最近受到了越来越多的关注。几种益生菌菌株表现出广泛的抗病毒活性和不同的作用机制。本文将综述发酵食品及其益生菌的多样性、健康益处、与免疫系统的相互作用以及抗病毒活性。此外，还将综述其作用机制，以确定其对呼吸道和消化道病毒具有广泛潜在抗病毒活性。发酵食品中的益生菌和生物活性化合物对呼吸道和消化道病毒表现出抗病毒活性。据报道，其作用机制是通过增强自然杀伤细胞毒性来刺激免疫系统功能、增加促炎细胞因子的产生以及增强T淋巴细胞（CD3、CD16、CD56）的细胞毒性。然而，强烈建议进一步开展研究，以确定传统发酵食品的潜在抗病毒活性。
