Ziller Conrad, Spörlein Christoph
Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Social Sciences, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Front Sociol. 2020 Jul 7;5:45. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2020.00045. eCollection 2020.
This study examines the relationship between residential segregation and social trust of immigrants and natives in the Netherlands. Building on previous studies that have found evidence for a negative segregation-trust link, we present a nuanced narrative by (i) distinguishing between an ethnic minority and majority perspective, (ii) elaborating theoretical foundations on the moderating role of individual exposure in the form of ethnic minority concentration in the neighborhood, and (iii) taking income segregation into account. In addition to the refined theoretical framework, our study employs a rigorous empirical approach. Using two waves (2009 and 2013) of the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study-a geocoded panel study with an oversampling of Moroccan and Turkish immigrants-we are able to study the influence of (changes in) municipality-level segregation patterns for both natives and immigrants, and consider the roles of both neighborhood ethnic minority concentration, as well as income-based segregation. Results from four-level multilevel models show that ethnic segregation is negatively related to the social trust of immigrants. At the same time, this negative relationship is particularly strong in neighborhoods with a low level of minority population concentration, which provides support for the so-called integration paradox where negative intergroup interactions reduce social trust. For respondents of Dutch origin, we find no evidence that their social trust is sensitive to ethnic segregation or that this relationship is conditional on minority concentration at the neighborhood level.
本研究考察了荷兰居民隔离与移民及本地人的社会信任之间的关系。基于以往发现隔离与信任之间存在负相关证据的研究，我们通过以下方式呈现了一个细致入微的叙述：（i）区分少数族裔和多数族裔的视角；（ii）阐述关于以邻里中少数族裔集中形式存在的个体接触的调节作用的理论基础；（iii）将收入隔离考虑在内。除了完善的理论框架，我们的研究还采用了严谨的实证方法。利用荷兰纵向生命历程研究的两期数据（2009年和2013年）——这是一项进行了地理编码的面板研究，对摩洛哥和土耳其移民进行了过度抽样——我们能够研究市级层面的隔离模式（及其变化）对本地人和移民的影响，并考虑邻里中少数族裔集中以及基于收入的隔离所起的作用。四级多层次模型的结果表明，族裔隔离与移民的社会信任呈负相关。与此同时，这种负相关在少数族裔人口集中度较低的社区尤为强烈，这为所谓的融合悖论提供了支持，即负面的群体间互动会降低社会信任。对于荷兰裔受访者，我们没有发现证据表明他们的社会信任对族裔隔离敏感，或者这种关系取决于邻里层面的少数族裔集中程度。
