Gereke Johanna, Schaub Max, Baldassarri Delia
Mannheim Center for European Social Research (MZES), Mannheim, Germany.
Berlin Social Science Center (WZB), Berlin, Germany.
Front Sociol. 2020 Sep 3;5:59. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2020.00059. eCollection 2020.
Recent migration from Muslim-majority countries has sparked discussions across Europe about the supposed threat posed by new immigrants. Young men make up the largest share of newly arrived immigrants and this demographic is often perceived to be particularly threatening. In this article, we compare pro-sociality and trust toward immigrants from Muslim-majority countries, focusing on gender differences in treatment. We study these questions using behavioral games that measure strategic (trusting) and non-strategic (pro-social) behavior. Our data comes from measures embedded in a large survey of residents of Germany's eastern regions, where anti-immigrant sentiments are high. We find that Germans are similarly pro-social toward immigrant men and women in non-strategic situations, but are significantly less likely to trust immigrant men (but not women) in strategic encounters. These findings provide evidence that immigrants' gender can be an important factor conditioning the behavior of the majority population, but also caution that (gendered) ethnic discrimination may be situationally dependent. Future research should further examine the exact mechanisms underlying this variation in discriminatory behavior.
近期来自穆斯林占多数国家的移民引发了欧洲各地关于新移民所谓威胁的讨论。年轻男性在新抵达的移民中占比最大，这一群体常被视为特别具有威胁性。在本文中，我们比较了对来自穆斯林占多数国家移民的亲社会行为和信任，重点关注对待中的性别差异。我们使用衡量策略性（信任）和非策略性（亲社会）行为的行为博弈来研究这些问题。我们的数据来自对德国东部地区居民进行的一项大型调查中的相关测量，该地区反移民情绪高涨。我们发现，在非策略性情境中，德国人对移民男性和女性的亲社会程度相似，但在策略性互动中，他们信任移民男性（而非女性）的可能性显著降低。这些发现证明，移民的性别可能是影响多数人口行为的一个重要因素，但也提醒人们（基于性别的）种族歧视可能因情况而异。未来的研究应进一步探究这种歧视行为差异背后的确切机制。
