Sewry Nicola, Schwellnus Martin P, Borjesson Mats, Swanevelder Sonja, Jordaan Esme
Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center, Pretoria, South Africa.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022 May;62(5):710-715. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12252-2. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
Limited data support prerace medical screening to identify risk factors for not finishing an endurance running race. The aim of the study was to determine risk factors associated with not finishing an ultramarathon.
A prospective, cross-sectional study of Two Oceans ultramarathon (56 km) race starters who completed a prerace medical screening questionnaire. Race day environmental conditions were recorded on race day. Univariate analyses of risk factors associated with the did-not-finish (DNF) included race day factors and prerace medical screening history.
Risk factors for DNF amongst 23,996 starters during the 56 km race included older age and females (P<0.0001). After adjusting for age and sex, the following were significant univariate risk factors: fewer years of running (P<0.0001), less previous race experience (P<0.0001), less training/racing per week (P=0.0002), lower average weekly training distance (P=0.0016), slower race vs. training speed (P<0.0001), lack of allergies (P=0.0100) and average wet-bulb globe temperature (P<0.0001).
Females, older age, training-related factors (less training/racing, average weekly training distance, race vs. training speed) and average wet-bulb temperature, were risk factors for not finishing an ultramarathon. The results may not only assist runners and coaches in race preparation, but also have clinical implications for the medical planning prior to races.
支持赛前医学筛查以识别无法完成耐力跑比赛风险因素的数据有限。本研究的目的是确定与无法完成超级马拉松相关的风险因素。
对完成赛前医学筛查问卷的双洋超级马拉松（56公里）比赛起跑者进行一项前瞻性横断面研究。比赛当天记录环境条件。对与未完成比赛（DNF）相关的风险因素进行单因素分析，包括比赛当天因素和赛前医学筛查史。
在56公里比赛的23996名起跑者中，DNF的风险因素包括年龄较大和女性（P<0.0001）。在调整年龄和性别后，以下是显著的单因素风险因素：跑步年限较少（P<0.0001）、以前的比赛经验较少（P<0.0001）、每周训练/比赛次数较少（P=0.0002）、平均每周训练距离较低（P=0.0016）、比赛速度与训练速度相比较慢（P<0.0001）、无过敏史（P=0.0100）以及平均湿球黑球温度（P<0.0001）。
女性、年龄较大、与训练相关的因素（训练/比赛次数较少、平均每周训练距离、比赛速度与训练速度）以及平均湿球温度是无法完成超级马拉松的风险因素。这些结果不仅可能有助于跑步者和教练进行比赛准备，而且对比赛前的医疗规划也具有临床意义。
