Departamento de Ecologia e Botânica, Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola, Universidade DO Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, 78300-000, Brazil.
Oecologia. 2021 May;196(1):275-288. doi: 10.1007/s00442-021-04920-z. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
Global initiatives to reforest degraded areas have intensified in recent years, in an attempt to reverse the environmental impacts of habitat loss on species and ecosystem provided by them. However, the effectiveness of such reforestation initiatives in re-establishing biodiversity is still poorly understood. Here, we test how reforestation type and intensity applied to deforested areas affect the reestablishment of communities of cavity-nesting bees and wasps. We deployed experimental trap-nests along a reforestation gradient of increasing structural similarity to primary forest, after 18 years of reforestation. We found that reestablishment, in terms of abundance and richness of both bees and wasps, was greatest at an intermediate point along the reforestation gradient. However, these communities were highly dissimilar to primary forest, and recovery of intact insect community composition was only achieved when reforestation was more similar in structure to natural forests. This effect was more pronounced for bees than for wasps. Our findings suggest that along the reforestation gradient, services provided by wasps will be more easily recovered than those provided by bees. Our results have important implications for the challenges of restoring and maintaining species biodiversity as well as their associated ecosystem services.
近年来，全球范围内恢复退化地区森林的行动日益加强，试图扭转因栖息地丧失对物种及其提供的生态系统造成的环境影响。然而，这种重新造林倡议在重建生物多样性方面的有效性仍知之甚少。在这里，我们测试了在森林砍伐地区应用的造林类型和强度如何影响洞穴筑巢蜜蜂和黄蜂社区的重建。我们在经过 18 年的重新造林后，沿着与原始森林结构相似度逐渐增加的重新造林梯度部署了实验性陷阱巢。我们发现，无论蜜蜂还是黄蜂，无论是在数量还是丰富度方面，在重新造林梯度的中间点重建的效果最好。然而，这些社区与原始森林有很大的不同，只有当重新造林在结构上与天然森林更相似时，才能恢复完整的昆虫群落组成。这种影响对蜜蜂比黄蜂更为明显。我们的研究结果表明，在重新造林梯度上，黄蜂提供的服务将比蜜蜂更容易恢复。我们的研究结果对恢复和维持物种生物多样性及其相关生态系统服务所面临的挑战具有重要意义。
