Harmon Alice C, Gribskov Michael, Gubrium Erika, Harper Jeffrey F
Department of Botany, PO Box 118526, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8526, USA.
Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, PO Box 118526, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8526, USA.
New Phytol. 2001 Jul;151(1):175-183. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00171.x.
The CDPK superfamily consists of six types of protein kinases, which differ in the regulatory domains they contain. CDPKs (calcium-dependent protein kinases or calmodulin-like domain protein kinases) are activated by the binding of calcium to their calmodulin-like regulatory domains. The carboxyl terminal domains of CRKs (CDPK-related kinases) have sequence similarity to the regulatory domains of CDPKs, but do not bind calcium. PPCKs (PEP carboxylase kinases) contain only a catalytic domain. PRKs (PPCK-related kinases) have a carboxyl-terminal domain that has no similarity to that of any other member of the superfamily. CCaMKs (calcium and calmodulin regulated kinases) bind both calcium ions and the calcium/calmodulin complex, whereas CaMKs (calmodulin-dependent protein kinases) bind the calcium/calmodulin complex, but not calcium. Phylogenetic trees constructed from amino acid sequences of catalytic or regulatory domains show that CDPKs and CRKs are closely related and might share a common ancestor. Plant CCaMKs and CaMK form a group more closely related to protozoan, than to plant, CDPKs. Intron analysis of the 42 CDPK, CRK, PPCK, and PRK genes from Arabidopsis supports the structure of the gene trees, the possibility that PPCKs/PRKs belong to the CDPK superfamily, and suggests that several introns have been added during evolution of the family.
CDPK超家族由六种蛋白激酶组成，它们所含的调节结构域各不相同。CDPK（钙依赖性蛋白激酶或类钙调蛋白结构域蛋白激酶）通过钙与它们的类钙调蛋白调节结构域结合而被激活。CRK（CDPK相关激酶）的羧基末端结构域与CDPK的调节结构域具有序列相似性，但不结合钙。PPCK（磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶激酶）仅包含一个催化结构域。PRK（PPCK相关激酶）具有一个羧基末端结构域，该结构域与超家族的任何其他成员的结构域均无相似性。CCaMK（钙和钙调蛋白调节激酶）既结合钙离子又结合钙/钙调蛋白复合物，而CaMK（钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶）结合钙/钙调蛋白复合物，但不结合钙。根据催化或调节结构域的氨基酸序列构建的系统发育树表明，CDPK和CRK密切相关，可能有共同的祖先。植物CCaMK和CaMK形成的一个组与原生动物的关系比与植物CDPK的关系更密切。对拟南芥中42个CDPK、CRK、PPCK和PRK基因的内含子分析支持了基因树的结构、PPCK/PRK属于CDPK超家族的可能性，并表明在该家族的进化过程中添加了几个内含子。
