Peroxidases are involved in biosynthesis and biodegradation of β-thujaplicin in fungal elicitor-treated Cupressus lusitanica cell cultures.

•   Here, collaboration between peroxidases and H O in biosynthesis and biodegredation of β-thujaplicin in elicited Cupressus lusitanica was investigated. •   The accumulation of a phytoalexin, β-thujaplicin, in C. lusitanica cell cultures can be stimulated by a yeast elicitor. A transient low peak was followed by a high level lasting for 2 d, and then a decrease, while peroxidases were activated to a high level just when amounts of β-thujaplicin decreased. In vitro tests revealed that horseradish peroxidase can transform c. 80% of β-thujaplicin in the presence of H O , and the culture medium was also able to transform β-thujaplicin. •   A transient production of H O occured in the cell cultures immediately after elicitation, following a increase in NAD(P)H-oxidase activity. This H O production may mediate the elicitor-induced accumulation of β-thujaplicin, because inhibiting H O production or removing H O from the cell cultures suppressed elicitor-induced β-thujaplicin accumulation, while exogenously applied H O or H O generation system can stimulate β-thujaplicin accumulation. •   Both NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors and peroxidase inhibitors partially inhibited NAD(P)H-dependent O and H O production. In-gel assay of peroxidase and superoxide anion synthase activity demonstrated that peroxidase isoforms have NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion synthase activity. These results suggest that peroxidases can act as superoxide anion synthases to contribute to genecation of H O that promotes β-thujaplicin production in elicited C. lusitanica cell cultures.