World Health Organization, Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria.
World Health Organization, African Regional Office, Brazzaville, Congo.
Vaccine. 2021 Nov 17;39 Suppl 3:C89-C95. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.095. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
All WHO regions have set measles elimination objective for 2020. To address the specific needs of achieving measles elimination, Nigeria is using a strategy focusing on improving vaccination coverage with the first routine dose of (monovalent) measles (MCV1) at 9 months, providing measles vaccine through supplemental immunization activities (children 9-59 months), and intensified measles case-based surveillance system.
We reviewed measles immunization coverage from population-based surveys conducted in 2010, 2013 and 2017-18. Additionally, we analyzed measles case-based surveillance reports from 2008-2018 to determine annual, regional and age-specific incidence rates.
Survey results indicated low MCV1 coverage (54.0% in 2018); with lower coverage in the North (mean 45.5%). Of the 153,097 confirmed cases reported over the studied period, 85.5% (130,871) were from the North. Moreover, 70.8% (108,310) of the confirmed cases were unvaccinated. Annual measles incidence varied from a high of 320.39 per 1,000,000 population in 2013 to a low of 9.80 per 1,000,000 in 2009. The incidence rate is higher among the 9-11 months (524.0 per million) and 12-59 months (376.0 per million). Between 2008 and 2018, the incidence rate had showed geographical variation, with higher incidence in the North (70.6 per million) compare to the South (17.8 per million).
The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of measles vaccine coverage and incidence in Nigeria from 2008 to 2018 to assess country progress towards measles elimination. Although the total numbers of confirmed measles cases had decreased over the time period, measles routine coverage remains sub-optimal, and the incidence rates are critically high. The high burden of measles in the North highlight the need for region-specific interventions. The measles program relies heavily on polio resources. As the polio program winds down, strong commitments will be required to achieve elimination goals.
所有世界卫生组织区域都制定了 2020 年消除麻疹的目标。为了满足消除麻疹的具体需求，尼日利亚正在采用一项战略，重点是提高常规接种第一剂（单价）麻疹（MCV1）的覆盖率，即在 9 个月时接种，通过补充免疫活动（9-59 个月儿童）提供麻疹疫苗，并加强基于病例的麻疹监测系统。
我们回顾了 2010 年、2013 年和 2017-18 年进行的基于人群的免疫接种覆盖率调查。此外，我们分析了 2008-2018 年的基于病例的麻疹监测报告，以确定年度、区域和年龄特异性发病率。
调查结果表明，MCV1 覆盖率较低（2018 年为 54.0%）；北部地区的覆盖率较低（平均为 45.5%）。在所研究期间报告的 153097 例确诊病例中，85.5%（130871 例）来自北部。此外，70.8%（108310 例）的确诊病例未接种疫苗。麻疹年发病率从 2013 年的 320.39/100 万的高峰降至 2009 年的 9.80/100 万的低谷。发病率在 9-11 个月（524.0/百万）和 12-59 个月（376.0/百万）之间较高。2008 年至 2018 年期间，发病率存在地域差异，北部发病率较高（70.6/百万），南部发病率较低（17.8/百万）。
本研究旨在提供 2008 年至 2018 年期间尼日利亚麻疹疫苗覆盖率和发病率的描述性分析，以评估该国在消除麻疹方面的进展。尽管确诊麻疹病例总数在这段时间内有所下降，但麻疹常规覆盖率仍不理想，发病率仍很高。北部地区麻疹负担沉重，突显了需要采取针对该地区的干预措施。麻疹规划严重依赖脊髓灰质炎资源。随着脊髓灰质炎规划的结束，需要作出强有力的承诺以实现消除目标。
