Department of Industrial Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
Analyst. 2021 May 17;146(10):3101-3113. doi: 10.1039/d1an00180a.
Because of the global spread of antimicrobials, there is an urgent need to develop rapid and effective tools for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to help clinicians prescribe accurate and appropriate antibiotic doses sooner. The conventional methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing are usually based on bacterial culture methods, which are time-consuming, complicated, and labor-intensive. Therefore, other approaches are needed to address these issues. Recently, microfluidic technology has gained significant attention in infection management due to its advantages including rapid detection, high sensitivity and specificity, highly automated assay, simplicity, low cost, and potential for point-of-care testing in low-resource areas. Microfluidic advances for antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be classified into phenotypic (usually culture-based) and genotypic tests. Genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing is the detection of resistant genes in a microorganism using methods such as nucleic acid amplification. This review (with 107 references) surveys the different forms of nucleic acid amplification-based microdevices used for genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The first section reviews the serious threat of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms and the urgent need for fast check-ups. Next, several conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods are discussed, and microfluidic technology as a promising candidate for rapid detection of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms is briefly introduced. The next section highlights several advancements of microdevices, with an emphasis on their working principles and performance. The review concludes with the importance of fully integrated microdevices and a discussion on future perspectives.
由于抗菌药物在全球范围内的传播，迫切需要开发快速有效的抗菌药物敏感性测试工具，以帮助临床医生更早地开出准确和适当的抗生素剂量。传统的抗菌药物敏感性测试方法通常基于细菌培养方法，这些方法既耗时、复杂又劳动密集。因此，需要其他方法来解决这些问题。最近，由于其快速检测、高灵敏度和特异性、高度自动化检测、简单、低成本以及在资源匮乏地区进行即时检测的潜力等优势，微流控技术在感染管理中引起了广泛关注。用于抗菌药物敏感性测试的微流控技术进展可以分为表型（通常基于培养）和基因型测试。基因型抗菌药物敏感性测试是使用核酸扩增等方法检测微生物中的耐药基因。这篇综述（引用了 107 篇参考文献）调查了用于基因型抗菌药物敏感性测试的不同形式的基于核酸扩增的微器件。第一部分回顾了抗菌药物耐药微生物的严重威胁以及快速检查的迫切需要。接下来，讨论了几种常规的抗菌药物敏感性测试方法，并简要介绍了微流控技术作为快速检测抗菌药物耐药微生物的有前途的候选技术。下一节重点介绍了几种微器件的进展，重点介绍了它们的工作原理和性能。该综述最后强调了完全集成的微器件的重要性，并讨论了未来的展望。
