Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021 Aug;86:103661. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103661. Epub 2021 Apr 18.
A vast literature has already demonstrated that pharmaceutical drugs exert negative impacts on aquatic organisms but data is sparse on the occurrence of these contaminants in marine aquatic environments and their biota, particularly in comparison with freshwater systems. In marine environments, bivalves are known as good bioindicator species for environmental pollution monitoring. This review summarizes the current knowledge on carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations in the marine environment (seawater and bivalves) and the analytical methods involved in the drug determination. Carbamazepine was chosen based on its ubiquitous occurrence and proven negative impacts on the aquatic organisms. Overall, CBZ is distributed in the marine environment with concentrations up to ∼ 1 μg/L, revealing its stability and high persistence. Also, CBZ was found in some species of marine bivalves, with concentrations up to 13 ng/g dry weight (DW), however, a bioaccumulation factor could not be calculated due to the absence of CBZ determination in seawater samples for most of the studies. CAPSULE: Carbamazepine is found in seawater up to the low μg/L level, and in bivalve tissue up to a few ng/g DW, with SPE and LC as the techniques of choice for drug extraction and identification.
已有大量文献表明，药物对水生生物有负面影响，但关于这些污染物在海洋水生环境及其生物群中的存在情况的数据却很少，与淡水系统相比尤其如此。在海洋环境中，双壳类动物是用于环境污染监测的良好生物指示物种。这篇综述总结了目前关于海洋环境（海水和双壳类动物）中卡马西平（CBZ）浓度以及药物测定所涉及的分析方法的知识。选择卡马西平是基于其普遍存在和对水生生物的负面影响已被证实。总体而言，CBZ 分布在海洋环境中，浓度高达约 1μg/L，表明其稳定性和高持久性。此外，在一些海洋双壳类动物中也发现了 CBZ，浓度高达 13ng/g 干重（DW），但由于大多数研究中未对海水样品进行 CBZ 测定，因此无法计算生物积累因子。要点：卡马西平在海水中的含量可达低μg/L 水平，在双壳类动物组织中的含量可达几ng/g DW，SPE 和 LC 是药物提取和鉴定的首选技术。
