Spacova Irina, De Boeck Ilke, Bron Peter A, Delputte Peter, Lebeer Sarah
Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium.
Trends Mol Med. 2021 Jun;27(6):538-553. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.03.009. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
Emerging evidence suggests that microbial therapeutics can prevent and treat respiratory viral diseases, especially when applied directly to the airways. This review presents established beneficial effects of locally administered microbial therapeutics against respiratory viral diseases and the inferred related molecular mechanisms. Several mechanisms established in the intestinal probiotics field as well as novel, niche-specific insights are relevant in the airways. Studies at cellular and organism levels highlight biologically plausible but strain-specific and host and virus context-dependent mechanisms, underlying the potential of beneficial bacteria. Large-scale clinical studies can now be rationally designed to provide a bench-to-bedside translation of the multifactorial bacterial mechanisms within the host respiratory tract, to diminish the incidence and severity of viral infections and the concomitant complications.
新出现的证据表明，微生物疗法可以预防和治疗呼吸道病毒性疾病，尤其是直接应用于气道时。本综述介绍了局部施用微生物疗法对呼吸道病毒性疾病已证实的有益作用以及推断的相关分子机制。在肠道益生菌领域确立的几种机制以及新的、特定生态位的见解在气道中具有相关性。细胞和机体水平的研究突出了生物学上合理但具有菌株特异性以及宿主和病毒背景依赖性的机制，这些机制是有益细菌发挥潜力的基础。现在可以合理设计大规模临床研究，以实现宿主呼吸道内多因素细菌机制从 bench 到 bedside 的转化，从而降低病毒感染的发生率和严重程度以及随之而来的并发症。
