Mishra Pankaj Kumar, Bruiners Natalie, Ukey Rahul, Datta Pratik, Onyuka Alberta, Handler Deborah, Hussain Sabiha, Honnen William, Singh Sukhwinder, Guerrini Valentina, Yin Yue, Dewald Hannah, Choudhary Alok, Horton Daniel B, Barrett Emily S, Roy Jason, Weiss Stanley H, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly Patricia, Blaser Martin J, Carson Jeffrey L, Panettieri Reynold A, Lardizabal Alfred, Chang Theresa Li-Yun, Pinter Abraham, Gennaro Maria Laura
Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103.
Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103.
medRxiv. 2021 May 12:2021.04.11.21255153. doi: 10.1101/2021.04.11.21255153.
Much is to be learned about the interface between immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We monitored immune responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) in convalescent individuals for eight months after infection diagnosis and following vaccination. Over time, neutralizing antibody responses, which are predominantly RBD specific, generally decreased, while RBD-specific memory B cells persisted. RBD-specific antibody and B cell responses to vaccination were more vigorous than those elicited by infection in the same subjects or by vaccination in infection-naïve comparators. Notably, the frequencies of double negative B memory cells, which are dysfunctional and potentially pathogenic, increased in the convalescent subjects over time. Unexpectedly, this effect was reversed by vaccination. Our work identifies a novel aspect of immune dysfunction in mild/moderate COVID-19, supports the practice of offering SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regardless of infection history, and provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the vaccination-induced reduction of "Long-COVID" symptoms.
关于对SARS-CoV-2感染的免疫反应与疫苗接种之间的界面，仍有许多有待了解之处。我们在感染诊断后及接种疫苗后的八个月内，监测了康复个体中针对SARS-CoV-2刺突受体结合域（RBD）的免疫反应。随着时间的推移，主要针对RBD的中和抗体反应总体上有所下降，而RBD特异性记忆B细胞持续存在。在同一受试者中，RBD特异性抗体和B细胞对疫苗接种的反应比对感染的反应更强烈，在未感染的对照者中，疫苗接种引发的反应也更强。值得注意的是，功能失调且可能具有致病性的双阴性B记忆细胞的频率在康复受试者中随时间增加。出乎意料的是，这种效应在接种疫苗后被逆转。我们的研究确定了轻度/中度新冠肺炎免疫功能障碍的一个新方面，支持无论感染史如何都提供SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种的做法，并为疫苗接种引起的“长新冠”症状减轻提供了一个潜在的机制解释。
