College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 21;11(1):8607. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88162-2.
Evapotranspiration is an important component of the water cycle, and possible trends in evapotranspiration can, among others, influence water management and agricultural production. Potential evapotranspiration (ET) is a measure of the ability of the atmosphere to remove water from the surface through the processes of evaporation and transpiration. It plays an important role in assessing regional dry-wet conditions and variations in meteorological conditions. This study analyzed the change trends of monthly ET and surface dryness and wetness in the Hancang River Basin and, through principal component analysis and correlation analysis, explored the main meteorological factors that affected ET and the interactions between meteorological factors; ET values were estimated using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. The results showed that there was a large gap in ET between different months in the Hancang River Basin, with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing within a year. The highest monthly evapotranspiration was 114.119 mm (July), and the lowest was 42.761 mm (January). The maximum relative humidity index was 0.822 (August), and the minimum was -0.979 (January). The average temperature, precipitation, average relative humidity, and solar radiation are positive factors that affect ET, while average air pressure is a negative factor that affects ET. This study provides a reference for the wet conditions of small watersheds and for countermeasures to address climate change.
蒸散作用是水循环的一个重要组成部分，蒸散作用的可能趋势除其他外会影响水管理和农业生产。潜在蒸散量（ET）是衡量大气通过蒸发和蒸腾作用从地表去除水分的能力的一个指标。它在评估区域干湿状况和气象条件变化方面发挥着重要作用。本研究分析了汉昌河流域月蒸散量和地表干湿状况的变化趋势，并通过主成分分析和相关分析，探讨了影响蒸散量的主要气象因素以及气象因素之间的相互作用；利用 FAO-56 彭曼-蒙蒂斯方法估算了蒸散量。结果表明，汉昌河流域各月蒸散量差异较大，年内呈先增后减的趋势。月最大蒸散量为 114.119mm（7 月），月最小蒸散量为 42.761mm（1 月）。最大相对湿度指数为 0.822（8 月），最小相对湿度指数为-0.979（1 月）。平均气温、降水量、平均相对湿度和太阳辐射是影响蒸散量的正因子，而平均气压是影响蒸散量的负因子。本研究为小流域湿润状况提供了参考，也为应对气候变化的对策提供了参考。
