Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
Department of Microbiology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
Pan Afr Med J. 2021 Jan 19;38:62. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.62.21626. eCollection 2021.
ciprofloxacin is a second-generation fluoroquinolone, which has been used as one of the top three antibacterial agents prescribed in Ethiopia. However, its use has deviated from the recommendation of standard treatment guidelines resulting in a gradual increase in antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the annual use of ciprofloxacin in 2016 based on the standard Ethiopian treatment and World Health Organization guidelines, in governmental hospitals, in Eastern Ethiopia from 1 May to 30 June 2018.
a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate medical records of patients who had taken ciprofloxacin in 2016. The total sample size (n=522) was proportionally allocated to each hospital based on the respective consumption data. A simple random sampling method was employed to collect the required sample. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 21 and analyzed using descriptive analysis.
in this study, 522 medical records were reviewed, with a male to female ratio of 1.03: 1. Ciprofloxacin was indicated in 478 (91.6%) participants whose age was greater than eighteen years. The majority were treated in the medical and emergency outpatient departments (n=477, 91.4%). Urinary tract infections (n=224, 42.9%), acute febrile illnesses (n=68, 13.0%), and typhoid fever (n=54, 10.4%) were the top indications to which ciprofloxacin was prescribed. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n=241, 34.7%) and antimicrobials (n=135, 19.6%) were among the most frequently co-indicated agents. Based on the standard Ethiopian treatment guidelines, therapy was appropriate in 30% (n= 159) of patients. The major reason for inappropriate utilization (95%) was the wrong duration of antibiotic use (n=228). Evaluation based on World Health Organization criteria showed that indication, dose, and frequency were in line with the recommendation.
ciprofloxacin was primarily indicated for urinary tract infections. The drug was appropriately used in less than one-third of patients, with the wrong duration being the main reason for overall inappropriate utilization. This trend may potentially impose a high risk to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms. To this end, further studies addressing the susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates towards ciprofloxacin should be carried out.
环丙沙星是第二代氟喹诺酮类药物，已被用作埃塞俄比亚开处方的三大抗菌药物之一。然而，其使用已经偏离了标准治疗指南的建议，导致抗菌药物耐药性逐渐增加。因此，本研究旨在评估 2016 年根据埃塞俄比亚标准治疗和世界卫生组织指南，在东部埃塞俄比亚的政府医院中环丙沙星的年使用情况。
本研究采用基于医院的回顾性横断面研究方法，对 2016 年使用环丙沙星的患者的病历进行评估。总样本量（n=522）根据各自的消费数据按比例分配到各医院。采用简单随机抽样法收集所需样本。收集的数据输入 SPSS 版本 21 并进行描述性分析。
在这项研究中，共审查了 522 份病历，男女比例为 1.03:1。环丙沙星适用于 478 名（91.6%）年龄大于 18 岁的患者。大多数患者在医疗和急诊门诊接受治疗（n=477，91.4%）。尿路感染（n=224，42.9%）、急性发热性疾病（n=68，13.0%）和伤寒（n=54，10.4%）是开处方环丙沙星的主要指征。非甾体抗炎药（n=241，34.7%）和抗菌药物（n=135，19.6%）是最常联合使用的药物。根据埃塞俄比亚标准治疗指南，治疗方案在 30%（n=159）的患者中是合适的。不适当使用的主要原因（95%）是抗生素使用时间错误（n=228）。根据世界卫生组织标准评估，适应证、剂量和频率符合建议。
环丙沙星主要用于治疗尿路感染。不到三分之一的患者正确使用了该药，总体不适当使用的主要原因是抗生素使用时间错误。这种趋势可能会对耐药微生物的出现带来很高的风险。为此，应进一步开展针对细菌分离株对环丙沙星敏感性的研究。
