Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
Breastfeeding Service, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Breastfeed Med. 2021 Aug;16(8):594-602. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0032. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
Insufficient milk supply is the most common reason for premature breastfeeding cessation. Breast hypoplasia is one reason why women may be inherently unable to make a full milk supply. This review aimed to systematically explore the relationship between breast hypoplasia and breastfeeding duration, milk supply, and lactation onset. Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched using the keywords "insufficient glandular tissue" or "mammary hypoplasia" or "breast hypoplasia" or "mammary gland hypoplasia" or "droopy breasts" or "snoopy deformity" or "tubular breast*" or "tuberous breast*" AND breastfeeding or "breast feeding" or breast-feeding or lactation. After initially screening 20 records, including reference lists, 9 full texts were assessed for eligibility; 2 were excluded as no breastfeeding outcomes were reported, leaving 7 studies ( = 42 women). The studies in this review drew on results from the oldest included study and plastic surgery literature to define breast hypoplasia. Most women in this review (40/42) ceased exclusive breastfeeding before 1 month postpartum. One case study reported 24-hour milk production, which was 52 mL at 26 weeks postpartum. The relationship between breast hypoplasia and breastfeeding outcomes is underresearched. The co-occurring medical conditions (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome) of some women provide avenues for future research into the possible pathogenesis of breast hypoplasia resulting in insufficient milk supply. Research is needed to evaluate the reliability of measuring and classifying markers of breast hypoplasia, and prospective studies can help determine the role of breast hypoplasia in milk production. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020191228.
母乳供应不足是导致早产儿母乳喂养提前终止的最常见原因。乳房发育不良是女性天生无法产生充足乳汁供应的原因之一。本综述旨在系统探讨乳房发育不良与母乳喂养持续时间、乳汁供应和泌乳启动之间的关系。使用关键词“腺体组织不足”或“乳房发育不良”或“乳房发育不良”或“乳腺发育不良”或“乳房下垂”或“snopy 畸形”或“管状乳房*”或“结节性乳房*”和“母乳喂养”或“哺乳”或“母乳喂养”检索了 Medline、CINAHL、ProQuest Central 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库。最初筛选了 20 条记录，包括参考文献，评估了 9 篇全文的资格；2 篇因未报告母乳喂养结果而被排除，留下 7 项研究（ = 42 名妇女）。本综述中的研究借鉴了最早纳入研究和整形外科学文献的结果来定义乳房发育不良。本综述中的大多数女性（40/42）在产后 1 个月前停止了纯母乳喂养。一项病例研究报告了 24 小时牛奶产量，产后 26 周时为 52 mL。乳房发育不良与母乳喂养结果的关系尚未得到充分研究。一些女性同时存在的医疗条件（例如多囊卵巢综合征）为研究可能导致乳汁供应不足的乳房发育不良的发病机制提供了途径。需要评估测量和分类乳房发育不良标志物的可靠性的研究，前瞻性研究可以帮助确定乳房发育不良在乳汁产生中的作用。PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42020191228。
