Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Health Services Research Unit. Health Sciences Building, University of Aberdeen Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
Int J Drug Policy. 2021 Aug;94:103251. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103251. Epub 2021 Apr 20.
Different techniques and approaches have been used for substance use prevention worldwide. No reviews of prevention interventions in Africa exist; hence this study aimed to systematically review interventions undertaken in Sub-Saharan Africa to prevent substance use in children and young people.
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, CAB, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, ERIC, and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies were included if they evaluated a substance use prevention intervention for children and young people in a Sub-Saharan African Country between 2000 and 2020. A narrative synthesis was used to explore and describe the data.
Eighteen studies, mostly from South Africa, were included. Most (10/18) of the interventions were school-based. Only two of the included studies were considered having a strong quality concerning the risk of bias, and some studies poorly reported the interventions. School-based interventions, although successful in improving knowledge, had little or no effects on substance use. Overall, most studies that reported a statistically significant reduction in substance use-related outcomes were brief interventions, individual-focused, and involved participants who were already exposed to substance use. These were mostly delivered by trained professionals using motivational interviewing or cognitive behavioural therapy or both.
School-based programs present an opportunity for substance use prevention efforts in the Sub-Saharan region in Africa. Such programs may benefit from an improved focus on individual students. There is a need for improving the quality of design, implementation, and reporting of substance use interventions within the region.
全世界采用了不同的技术和方法来预防物质使用。非洲没有预防干预措施的综述；因此，本研究旨在系统地综述在撒哈拉以南非洲地区为预防儿童和青少年物质使用而进行的干预措施。
检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane 中央、CAB、PsycINFO、CINAHL、SCOPUS、ERIC 和 Web of Science 数据库。如果研究评估了 2000 年至 2020 年期间在撒哈拉以南非洲国家为儿童和青少年进行的物质使用预防干预措施，则将其纳入研究。使用叙述性综合方法来探索和描述数据。
纳入了 18 项研究，其中大多数来自南非。大多数（10/18）干预措施都是基于学校的。只有两项纳入的研究被认为在偏倚风险方面具有较高的质量，并且一些研究对干预措施的报告较差。基于学校的干预措施虽然在提高知识方面取得了成功，但对物质使用的影响很小或没有。总体而言，大多数报告物质使用相关结果统计学显著减少的研究都是简短干预措施，以个人为重点，涉及已经接触物质使用的参与者。这些研究大多由经过培训的专业人员使用动机性访谈或认知行为疗法或两者结合进行。
在非洲撒哈拉以南地区，学校计划为预防物质使用提供了机会。这些计划可能受益于更加关注个别学生。该地区需要提高物质使用干预措施的设计、实施和报告质量。
