Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Department of Dental and Oral Health, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
BMC Oral Health. 2021 Apr 23;21(1):203. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01561-9.
The purpose of the cross sectional study was to investigate the distal extension of the rugae area in a Jordanian (Middle Eastern) population, as an anatomical limitation influencing the surgical decision of harvesting a palatal soft tissue graft. Factors that may influence or predict the extension were also assessed.
Sixty periodontally healthy participants (29 males and 31 females) were included. Maxillary alginate impressions were made and casts were poured. The measurements were highlighted from the origin of the rugae (near mid palatine raphe) to the terminal end with a sharp graphite pencil on the cast and a magnification lens was used for identification. The most posterior extension of the rugae were marked on the casts and determined by a standardized periodontal probe. The normal approximation test for binomial distribution was used to determine the proportion of the subjects with rugael extensions beyond the mesial end of the upper second premolar and fisher's exact test for the purpose of analysis of the association of this extension with other factors.
In almost half (41.7%) of the sample, the rugae extended distal to the upper second premolar, 23.3% extended to the mid-palatal of the upper second premolar, and 11.7% extended to the mesial of the upper second premolar. The implication is that 90.0% of the rugae reached the upper second premolar and 78.3% extended beyond its mesial aspect. The normal approximation test performed with 95% CI with the "rugael extension proximal to the mesial end of the upper 2nd premolar" considered to be the "success" category revealed that the proportion of the subjects with rugael extensions proximal to the mesial end of the upper second premolar was significantly lower than the proportion beyond the mesial end of the upper second premolar (95% CI of 11.2-32.0%, p = .00001). There was no significant difference between gender, smoking status, gingival phenotype and palatal shape with the posterior extension of palatal rugae.
Palatal rugae in a sample of a Jordanian population extends beyond the mesial aspect of the upper second premolar which may cause a substantial limitation for graft harvesting from the palate. The hard palate of Jordanian patients may not be a reliable source of soft tissue grafts required for aesthetic mucogingival surgery. No significant association existed between the most posterior extent of palatal rugae and gender, gingival phenotype or palatal shape. Other possible sources should be explored.
本横断面研究的目的是调查约旦（中东）人群的齿槽嵴区域的远端延伸情况，作为影响腭软组织移植物采集的手术决策的解剖学限制因素。还评估了可能影响或预测延伸的因素。
纳入 60 名牙周健康的参与者（29 名男性和 31 名女性）。制取上颌藻酸盐印模并灌注模型。使用尖锐的石墨铅笔在模型上突出标记从齿槽嵴的起点（近中腭中缝）到末端，并使用放大镜进行识别。在模型上标记齿槽嵴的最远端延伸，并使用标准化牙周探针确定。使用二项分布的正态逼近检验来确定在第二前磨牙的近中末端之外有齿槽嵴延伸的受试者比例，并使用 Fisher 确切检验来分析这种延伸与其他因素的关联。
在几乎一半（41.7%）的样本中，齿槽嵴向第二前磨牙的远侧延伸，23.3%延伸至第二前磨牙的腭中，11.7%延伸至第二前磨牙的近中。这意味着 90.0%的齿槽嵴到达第二前磨牙，78.3%延伸超过其近中面。使用 95%CI 进行的正态逼近检验，将“齿槽嵴延伸至第二前磨牙近中末端近端”视为“成功”类别，结果表明，齿槽嵴延伸至第二前磨牙近中末端近端的受试者比例明显低于第二前磨牙远中末端的比例（95%CI 为 11.2-32.0%，p=0.00001）。性别、吸烟状况、牙龈表型和腭形与腭部齿槽嵴的后向延伸之间无显著差异。
在约旦人群样本中，腭部齿槽嵴延伸超过第二前磨牙的近中面，这可能对腭部移植物采集造成实质性限制。约旦患者的硬腭可能不是美学黏膜-牙龈手术所需的软组织移植物的可靠来源。腭部齿槽嵴的最远端延伸与性别、牙龈表型或腭形之间无显著关联。应该探索其他可能的来源。
